1. A Brief History of Magazines JOUR 500 The Contemporary Magazine

2. The First Magazines Looked like little books – and later like 8X12- inch, one-page newspapers Looked like little books – and later like 8X12- inch, one-page newspapers Soapboxes for literate men to share their points of view Soapboxes for literate men to share their points of view No advertising No advertising Written for the upper classes Written for the upper classes No headlines or jumped stories – readers would read from the front to the back No headlines or jumped stories – readers would read from the front to the back

3. First Magazine in Britain 1731 : The Gentleman's Magazine Included essays, stories, poems and political commentary Included essays, stories, poems and political commentary Over time the magazine had various subtitles, including "monthly intelligencer" and "historical review ” Over time the magazine had various subtitles, including "monthly intelligencer" and "historical review ” Continued through the 18 th and 19 th century Continued through the 18 th and 19 th century Ceased publication in 1907 Ceased publication in 1907

4. The Gentleman ’ s Magazine

5. First Magazine War in the U.S. 1741 1741 Andrew Bradford, a Pennsylvania printer, publishes American Magazine, or A Monthly View of the Political State of the British Colonies on Feb. 13 Andrew Bradford, a Pennsylvania printer, publishes American Magazine, or A Monthly View of the Political State of the British Colonies on Feb. 13 Benjamin Franklin ’ s General Magazine comes out three days later Benjamin Franklin ’ s General Magazine comes out three days later Six months later both magazines are out of business Six months later both magazines are out of business

6. The American vs. General Magazine

7. The Saturday Evening Post First really successful magazine in the U.S. First published in 1821 It lasted as a weekly publication until 1969, after which it appeared somewhat sporadically

8. Women ’ s Magazines Introduction of the first “ women ’ s magazine ” with Lady's Magazine “ Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, ” in 1791 Introduction of the first “ women ’ s magazine ” with Lady's Magazine “ Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, ” in 1791 Also The Christian Ladies Magazine (1834) and Also The Christian Ladies Magazine (1834) and Godey ’ s Ladies Book (1830), Good Housekeeping (1885) Topics included fashion (including what royalty wore), poetry, advice, homemaking tips Topics included fashion (including what royalty wore), poetry, advice, homemaking tips

9. Godey ’ s Ladies Book

10. Growth of Magazines In 1825, there were fewer than 100 magazines in the country In 1850 there were 600 By 1900 there were more than 5,000

11. 1880s: Birth of the Mass Media Until 1880s only upper classes read magazines; the poor – if they read– read newspapers and weekly tabloids Until 1880s only upper classes read magazines; the poor – if they read– read newspapers and weekly tabloids Compulsory education created more readers Compulsory education created more readers In 1879 Congress created second-class mail, making distribution less expensive In 1879 Congress created second-class mail, making distribution less expensive Advances in printing press technology led to faster printing in 1880 Advances in printing press technology led to faster printing in 1880

12. Another magazine war In 1883 S.S. McClure dropped the price of McClure ’ s to 15 cents In 1883 S.S. McClure dropped the price of McClure ’ s to 15 cents His rival, Frank Munsey, lowered the price of Munsey ’ s Magazine from 25 cents to 10 cents His rival, Frank Munsey, lowered the price of Munsey ’ s Magazine from 25 cents to 10 cents Circulation skyrocketed Circulation skyrocketed The mass media were born The mass media were born

13. The Rise of Advertising Early magazines contained few ads, most of them classified-type advertisements Early magazines contained few ads, most of them classified-type advertisements 1880-1930 manufacturers began to see magazines as a way to reach the masses; magazines began to depend on advertising to survive 1880-1930 manufacturers began to see magazines as a way to reach the masses; magazines began to depend on advertising to survive

14. New Needs for Advertising Railroads (large-scale distribution networks) Railroads (large-scale distribution networks) Mass-produced goods Mass-produced goods Development of plate-glass windows led to storefronts and large department stores Development of plate-glass windows led to storefronts and large department stores These large stores needed to reach a mass audience These large stores needed to reach a mass audience

15. New Mission for Magazines The mission of magazines changed – from selling information and providing entertainment to giving advertisers access to consumers

16. Impacts on Publishing Ads made it possible to sell magazines at low cost Ads made it possible to sell magazines at low cost This increased circulation This increased circulation Increased circulation made magazines even more useful to advertisers Increased circulation made magazines even more useful to advertisers Full-page ads and graphic design changed the look of magazines Full-page ads and graphic design changed the look of magazines

17. Impacts on Editorial More concerned about pleasing advertisers More concerned about pleasing advertisers Had to compete with ads for readers ’ attention Had to compete with ads for readers ’ attention Editorial departments began to use typography, graphics and other design elements Editorial departments began to use typography, graphics and other design elements Headlines began to mimic ad slogans Headlines began to mimic ad slogans Stories jumped to back of the magazine Stories jumped to back of the magazine Concerns about potentially “ offensive ” material – political, sexual Concerns about potentially “ offensive ” material – political, sexual

18. Sexuality in magazines As advertising began to rule magazines, sexual content was frowned upon – editors didn ’ t want to offend advertisers As advertising began to rule magazines, sexual content was frowned upon – editors didn ’ t want to offend advertisers After 1975 – and the sexual revolution -- advertisers began to champion sexual suggestion After 1975 – and the sexual revolution -- advertisers began to champion sexual suggestion Ads used sexual imagery as a powerful selling tool Ads used sexual imagery as a powerful selling tool Editorial departments responded by making their own content more sexual Editorial departments responded by making their own content more sexual

19. Sexuality in magazines

20. Magazine leaders From the beginning, most magazines had a strong leader – a publisher or editor who set the tone

21. Henry Luce 1898-1967 Cofounded Time with Briton Hadden in 1923 at the age of 24 (Hadden died in 1929) Cofounded Time with Briton Hadden in 1923 at the age of 24 (Hadden died in 1929) 1930 founded Fortune 1930 founded Fortune 1936 founded Life 1936 founded Life 1954 founded Sports Illustrated 1954 founded Sports Illustrated In the 1960s his publications were read by 13 million readers around the world In the 1960s his publications were read by 13 million readers around the world

22. Harold Ross 1892-1951 High school dropout High school dropout Editor in chief of Stars and Stripes, newspaper for servicemen abroad, during WWI Editor in chief of Stars and Stripes, newspaper for servicemen abroad, during WWI After the war he fell in with the Algonquin Round Table, an exclusive writers group that lunched at the Algonquin Hotel After the war he fell in with the Algonquin Round Table, an exclusive writers group that lunched at the Algonquin Hotel Founded The New Yorker in 1925 and led it for 25 years until shortly before his death Founded The New Yorker in 1925 and led it for 25 years until shortly before his death His successor, William Shawn, remained editor for 35 years His successor, William Shawn, remained editor for 35 years

23. Magazines that Made History

24. TIME First news weekly First news weekly First issue: March 3, 1923, 36 pages First issue: March 3, 1923, 36 pages Initial print run of 9,000 Initial print run of 9,000 Initial investment of $86,000 provided by friends Initial investment of $86,000 provided by friends

25. TIME Innovations: National/international in scale National/international in scale Put the news in context Put the news in context Divided news into 22 sections: Foreign News National Affairs, Religion, Science, Crime, Books, Art, Cinema, etc. Divided news into 22 sections: Foreign News National Affairs, Religion, Science, Crime, Books, Art, Cinema, etc.

26. TIME Innovations: Report and interpret news in a concise and entertaining way Designed to be read in one hour Focus on people, particularly newsmakers Instituted rigorous fact- checking system

27. LIFE First issue: Nov. 19, 1936, 96 pages 10-cent newsstand price 466,000 print run immediately sold out Luce’s top-secret project

28. LIFE Fueled by technological advances in photography and photo reproduction—smaller cameras, quick-drying ink Condensed style Documentary approach Launches photojournalism

29. LIFE Became the most popular magazine in the U.S. -- weekly circ of 8.5 million Became the most popular magazine in the U.S. -- weekly circ of 8.5 million Fueled the growth of photojournalism Fueled the growth of photojournalism Set the standard for photo essays Set the standard for photo essays

30. LIFE The most talked about closing in the publishing world The most talked about closing in the publishing world Ceased weekly publication Dec. 29, 1972 Ceased weekly publication Dec. 29, 1972 Intermittent “ specials ” 1972-1978 Intermittent “ specials ” 1972-1978 Monthly 1978-2000 Monthly 1978-2000 Weekly supplement 2004-March 2007 Weekly supplement 2004-March 2007

31. National Geographic First issue: October 1888 sent to 200 charter members First issue: October 1888 sent to 200 charter members 1890-91 -- First National Geographic Society- sponsored expedition to Alaska 1890-91 -- First National Geographic Society- sponsored expedition to Alaska Brought science, discovery, exploration to the masses Brought science, discovery, exploration to the masses

32. National Geographic Innovations: Undersea photos Aerial shots of the world Color photographs Maps Newsstand sales begin in 2000

33. People First issue: March 4, 1974 The goal: to do serious journalism about famous people First issue sold 978,0000 copies, somewhat fewer than expected Conceived for newsstand sales

34. People Black sheep of Time-Life empire -- ridiculed Black sheep of Time-Life empire -- ridiculed Visual storytelling Visual storytelling Celebrities in tragedy, in trouble, in love Celebrities in tragedy, in trouble, in love Sexiest man alive Sexiest man alive

35. People Spinoffs

36. Men’s magazines The first major "glossy" men's magazine was Esquire, founded in 1933. The first major "glossy" men's magazine was Esquire, founded in 1933. Esquire featured pinups and impressive literary features. Esquire featured pinups and impressive literary features.

37. Men’s magazines In 1953, Hugh Hefner founded Playboy. In 1953, Hugh Hefner founded Playboy. The first edition contained nude photos of Marilyn Monroe -- before she became a superstar. The first edition contained nude photos of Marilyn Monroe -- before she became a superstar. Hefner didn't put a date on the magazine because he didn't know if there would ever be a second edition. Hefner didn't put a date on the magazine because he didn't know if there would ever be a second edition. It sold out as soon as it hit the newsstands. It sold out as soon as it hit the newsstands.

38. Current Trends Number of magazines growing Number of magazines growing Increasingly targeted Increasingly targeted More focus on celebrities More focus on celebrities Most high-profile magazines - everything from Time to Esquire to Vanity Fair - are owned by one of three big media companies: Time, Advance, Hearst Most high-profile magazines - everything from Time to Esquire to Vanity Fair - are owned by one of three big media companies: Time, Advance, Hearst

39. Time Warner Time People Fortune Sunset Cooking Light Health Health Money Money Family Circle Family Circle Essence Essence Real Simple Real Simple

40. Time Warner 21.5% Share of overall domestic magazine advertising spending, excludes newspaper supplements. (Through June 30, 2012) 21 Number of print titles 138 million U.S. consumers reached in print, online and via mobile devices each month. Core Stats

41. Advance Publications Conde Nast Vanity Fair Brides Conde Nast Traveler GQ Wired Fairchild FN (Footwear News) FN (Footwear News) Women ’ s Wear Daily Women ’ s Wear Daily M

42. Hearst Cosmopolitan Seventeen Esquire Marie Claire Redbook ELLE ELLE House Beautiful House Beautiful O, The Oprah Magazine O, The Oprah Magazine Popular Mechanics Popular Mechanics Redbook Redbook