1. Proactive Indoor Air Quality Surveys Conducted in Metropolitan New York Commercial Buildings Between 1992-1998 Jack Springston, CIH, CSP William Esposito, CIH Keith Cleversey, MS ambient group, inc. New York, NY

2. Proactive IAQ Surveys n 757 surveys in 125 commercial office buildings n Conducted between June 1992 and December 1998 n Sampling strategy based on EPA’s Protocol for Characterizing Indoor Air Quality in Large Office Buildings

3. Proactive IAQ Surveys n Sampling included CO2, CO, and TVOC’s n 17,500+ samples collected n Sampling for gaseous contaminants performed using a Brüel & Kjær Multi- gas Monitor Type 1302

4. B&K 1302 Monitor n Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) n Detection limit is gas-dependent but typically 10 -3 ppm region n Use different filters to measure up to 5 component gases plus water vapor

5. B&K 1302 Monitor n For this study, we measured VOC’s, CO and CO2 n Used two different filters for VOC’s – 3.4um for “common” VOC’s – 3.6um for formaldehyde

6. VOC Sampling n Organic compounds detected at center wavelength 3.4 µm include: Butane, Ethyl benzene, Ethanol, Formic acid, Methyl ethyl ketone, Naphta, Petroleum distillates, Toluene, Turpentine, and Xylene n Detection limit = 0.036 mg/m 3

7. VOC Sampling n Organic compounds detected at center wavelength 3.6 µm include: Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Formaldehyde, N-Methyl-Methanamine, Triethylamine n Detection limit = 0.07 mg/m 3

8. Applicable Standards n Carbon Dioxide – ASHRAE - OA + 700ppm – OSHA and ACGIH - 5000ppm n Carbon Monoxide – EPA NAAQS (8 hour) - 9ppm – WHO (8 hour) - 10ppm – ACGIH - 25ppm – OSHA - 50ppm

9. Applicable Standards n TVOC’s – No official standards or guidelines exist – OSHA and ACGIH - target and action limits of 1 and 5 mg/m 3 discussed – European community - target guideline of 0.3 mg/m 3 has been discussed – Molhave - objective health effects noted at >3 mg/m 3 (Discomfort Range)

11. Carbon Dioxide Results n CO 2 readings ranged from 357 to 1960ppm n Mean value = 620.4ppm (SD = 145.4ppm) n Median value = 586ppm n 97.52% of all readings were <1000ppm

13. Carbon Monoxide Results n CO readings ranged from 0.0 to 60.3ppm n Mean value = 1.61ppm (SD =1.24ppm) n Median value = 1.43ppm n 99.77% of all readings were <9ppm

15. TVOC’s 3.4um Results n Group I readings ranged from <0.036 to 41.04 mg/m 3 n Mean value = 1.23 mg/m 3 (SD = 1.52 mg/m 3 ) n Median value = 0.99 mg/m 3 n 96.85% of all readings were <3 mg/m 3

17. TVOC’s 3.6um Results n Group II readings ranged from <0.07 to 44.25 mg/m 3 n Mean value = 0.41 mg/m 3 (SD = 0.68 mg/m 3 ) n Median value = 0.23 mg/m 3 n 99.51% of all readings were <3 mg/m 3

18. Conclusions n Results indicate that a majority of the CO, CO 2 and TVOC readings from non-complaint buildings were within their respective guideline values n TVOC results suggest that proposed European guideline of 0.3mg/m 3 may be too stringent