1. Military Logistics Management for the Next Conflict Chris Ballard, Wyly Gilfoil, Kathy Lau, Jay Miseli, Scott Ostrowski, Sebastien Prangere, Sug Je Sohn, Heather Stevenson, Jaroslav Tyman

2. Agenda and Organization Introduction Demand Wyly Gilfoil, Jay Miseli Feasibility Kathy Lau, Scott Ostrowski, Heather Stevenson, Jaroslav Tyman Applicability Chris Ballard, Sebastien Prangere, Sug Je Sohn Recommendations

3. Mission Plan By April 19, 2004, determine the demand for, feasibility and applicability of refinement of Army logistics operations at multiple echelons for future conflicts.

4. Agenda Introduction Demand Feasibility Applicability Recommendations

5. Demand Role and Plan Role Determine if need for logistics reform exists in U.S. Army If need exists, identify capabilities required to accomplish logistics reform Plan Step 1 – Research relevant documents dealing with logistics in Operation Iraqi Freedom Step 2 – Conduct online survey posing questions about logistics issues and possible solutions

6. Demand Task Accomplished Relevant Articles Army Logistics: Our Reality, Our Future Logistics white paper Moving those beans and bullets Sustainment of the army depends on continuing logistics transformation DLA: Logistics backbone of Iraqi Freedom Delivering logistics readiness to the warfighter After-action Reviews Utilized 3 rd Infantry Division (mechanized) HHC, Task Force 2-69 Armor C/1-3 ADA HHC/1-24 Infantry Completed Web-based Survey

7. Demand Literature Search Results Connect logisticians at all levels (e.g. logistics internet at all echelons) Issues in OIF:  Lack of inventory visibility  Lack of adequate communication Modernize supply distribution Issues in OIF:  Lack of shipment tracking  Lack of adequate shipment records

8. Demand Survey Results 2 Key Capabilities Information flow with feedback mechanism  Prefer existing technology (i.e. FBCB2)  Requirements sent higher with digital record and projected fill time (or availability feedback) along with % requirement to be delivered  Must interface with all levels of logistics support Inventory/shipment resource  UPS Package Tracking, Amazon.com order filling, etc.  Linked to logistics network – tells system what is where and tracks progress of the resource towards designated unit

9. Resource Expended Resource Expended Resource Required Resource Available? Yes Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! No X Resource Available? Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! Yes No X Company Command Post And Logistics Node Battalion Logistics Node Brigade Logistics Node Process Repeats Until Resource Is Delivered Next Higher Logistics Node Status Info Request Resupply Information Network Automated Inventory and Shipment Tracking (Interfaces w/ Network) Resource Demand Desired Process

10. Agenda Introduction Demand Feasibility Applicability Recommendations

11. Feasibility Overview Introduction Determine the feasibility of improving military logistics flow during wartime Identify platform, echelon, and technical aspects of potential systems 2 Recommendations:  Entirely New System  Upgrade Existing Technologies

12. Feasibility New System Hardware Options Desktop, Notebook/Tablet, PDA Operating Systems Linux, Windows, Apple, Other

13. Feasibility New System Software - the deciding factor Availability vs. customizability  Available –Microsoft, Apple, Other, etc…  Customizable –Linux, Other, etc…

14. Feasibility New System Advantage: superior flexibility Custom build software to suit needs Hardware can be used for many other tasks Off the shelf components reduce downtime Disadvantages: Cost: Estimated $1 billion Training time: days to weeks Time to market

15. Resource Expended Resource Expended Resource Required Yes Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! No X Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! Yes No X Company Command Post And Logistics Node Battalion Logistics Node Brigade Logistics Node Process Repeats Until Resource Is Delivered Next Higher Logistics Node Status Info Request Resupply Information Network: Army Tactical Internet Automated Inventory and Shipment Tracking (Interfaces w/ Network) Resource PDA Feasibility Proposed Process: New System Desktop Laptop

16. Feasibility Existing Army Systems Force XXI Battle Command Brigade-and-Below (FBCB2) Provides battle command and situational awareness information Digitally networks tactical units through Army Tactical Internet Currently implemented at Brigade and below units

17. Feasibility Existing Army Systems Combat Service Support Control System (CSSCS) Rapidly collects, stores, analyzes, and disseminates critical logistics, medical, and personnel information Digitally networks logisticians Currently implemented at Brigade and above units

18. Feasibility Existing Army Systems Advantages Widely accepted and understood Low cost of augmentation Encrypted Field proven Disadvantages Two systems not currently linked Limited flexibility Recommendations Augment FBCB2 & CSSCS to interface and share information

19. Resource Expended Resource Expended Resource Required Yes Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! No X Resource Delivered Resource Required Resource Not Available! Yes No X Company Command Post And Logistics Node Battalion Logistics Node Brigade Logistics Node Process Repeats Until Resource Is Delivered Next Higher Logistics Node Status Info Request Resupply Information Network: Army Tactical Internet CSSCS Automated Inventory and Shipment Tracking (Interfaces w/ Network) Resource FBCB2 Feasibility Proposed Process: Augment Existing FBCB2 CSSCS

20. Feasibility Summary

21. Agenda Introduction Demand Feasibility Applicability Recommendations

22. Applicability Analysis Plan Analysis Plan Part 1: Identification of the technological characteristics Technology strategy Competitive priorities of feasible technologies Sources of innovation Who/what/where/how (Value chain analysis) Measures of performance Remaining technical challenges Push versus pull technology and its likely ramifications Part 2: Operations strategy for military logistics management Satisfying the identified demands Identifying and resolving the barriers of implementation Identifying, assessing, and improving the value chain model of military supply system Conclusions

23. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Value Chain Overview Field Troops Logistics Planning System Logistics Nodes (Brigade/ Battalion/ Company Command post) Logistics Nodes (Brigade/ Battalion/ Company Command post) Military Logistics Communication System Military Logistics Communication System Resource Supply System Resource Supply System Physical Resource Allocation Inventory Status Report and Supply Request Supply Commands and Master Plans Optimized Supply Instructions Information Symmetry Operations Planning System Operations Planning System

24. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Technology Strategy Determine Fundamental Issues Examine Results of Demand and Feasibility Subgroups Compare and Contrast Results with Applicability Analysis Determine Technology Recommendation

25. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Competitive Priorities Reliability Convenience and user-friendliness Customizability As cheap as possible Sources of Innovation Demand and Feasibility work Existing technologies and logistics networks

26. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Value Chain Model Fundamental Enablers  Mobile communication and computing technology  Operations management technology  Collaborative physical logistics system Uniqueness/Sustainability  Military-customized PDA  Easy and high performances planning and tracking software  Barcode and RFID systems  Cross-disciplinary education and training programs Value Chain Transformation  The biggest change is on the communication system  Transition from an imperfect symmetry of information

27. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Measures of Performance Effectiveness is more critical than efficiency Focused effectiveness Speed Accuracy Reliability Security Quality measure Product-based measure Operations-based measure Value-based measure

28. Analysis and Assessment of Remaining Challenges Network  Existing architecture includes multiple infrastructures  Logistics communication architecture has significant limitations  Security issues  Potential for unintended consequences -Security -Management -Over-reliance Process Methodology  Extensive use of MS Windows and MS applications  De facto standardized use of PDA’s Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics

29. Analysis and Assessment of Remaining Challenges (cont’d) Data Input/Output Interoperability Multiple systems in existing architecture Growing trend towards use of.xml format User Interface Prolific use of MS Windows, PDA, and other similarly formatted interface Field conditions

30. Applicability Part I: Identification of the technological characteristics Technology Transfer and Diffusion Critical factor 1: Standardization Interoperability between users, information, and resources Critical factor 2: Training and instruction Training of IT skills and cross-discipline operations Critical factor 3: Simulation before implementation Pilot and human-embedded simulation to reduce cultural friction

31. Applicability Part II: Operations strategy for military logistics management Question 1: How can we satisfy the identified demands ? Answer: The best way to implement the system is to create a tracking system with modified versions of FBCB2-CSSCS networks.

32. Applicability Part II: Operations strategy for military logistics management Question 2: What are the barriers in implementing the technologies in the current setting of business (military), and how can we resolve the difficulties? Answer: Network infrastructure and de facto standards of software and hardware. Resolution is most favorable through adapting and leveraging when possible off existing programs.  Integrate with current and near-future technological environment  Understand the network and system security requirements

33. Applicability Part II: Operations strategy for military logistics management Question 3: What does the value chain model of military supply system look like? What is the weakest link, if exists, and how can we strengthen the value on it? Answer: Typically, many of state-of-the-art management information systems fail in implementing the seamless coordination between human factors and the IT system. The weakest point is the insufficient collaboration of physical supply system and field users with the IT system. The management should consider some forms of promoting actions such as rewards and incentives, innovative education, practical training, operations simulation, and gradual deployment of system.

34. Applicability Part II: Operations strategy for military logistics management Value Chain Model (Revisited) Field Troops Logistics Planning System Logistics Nodes (Brigade/ Battalion/ Company Command post) Logistics Nodes (Brigade/ Battalion/ Company Command post) Military Logistics Communication System Military Logistics Communication System Resource Supply System Resource Supply System Physical Resource Allocation Inventory Status Report and Supply Request Supply Commands and Master Plans Optimized Supply Instructions Information Symmetry Operations Planning System Operations Planning System

35. Agenda Introduction Demand Feasibility Applicability Recommendations

36. Conclusion Recommend augmentation of existing systems (rather than new development)  Existing systems offer opportunity to leverage capabilities  Most of the remaining challenges are currently being addressed by technology developments in Army R&D  Least disruption on value chain

37. Questions?