1. BAE SYSTEMS Overview of Systems Engineering at BAE SYSTEMS & ALENIA MARCONI SYSTEMS 8/10/2015/MS115-01 By Leigh Watton Friday 27th July 2001

2. BAE SYSTEMS WOOLLY BIT The Total Engineering Process Currently Includes : Project Manager Customer With Money And Perceived Need Customer With Expectation Product Manufacture Detail Design The Woolly Bit

3. BAE SYSTEMS The total complexity of the system exceeds one person’s ‘Brainful’ Complexity Scale Width

4. BAE SYSTEMS The Concept of Left Shift

5. BAE SYSTEMS £ Cost of Changes Production Stage specifications drawings interface specs test specs schedule procurement specs purchase orders packaging test equipment tooling reviewing design proving tests operational trials EMC tests environmental trials cost estimates simulation and modelling component selection reliability assessment safety assessment design certificates pink wire mods configuration management Time Design Stage concept design plans/strategies estimates requirements analysis/modelling Late Changes => Bigger Impact

6. BAE SYSTEMS Systems Engineering Generic Activity Sequence (SEGAS) RBDFBDSBDPDDD Customer Acceptance TRR SRRFDRSDRPDRCDR ImpT&IA&C FCA PCA 3A3B45,6,7 Typical Phase Review correspondence for a development programme

7. BAE SYSTEMS System / Sub-System Interaction

8. BAE SYSTEMS The Basic RFS Loop System Analysis & Control (Balance) Requirements Loop Design Loop Verification R equirements Analysis F unctional Analysis and Allocation Design S ynthesis Process Input - Requirements Process Output - System Architecture - Specs and Baseline System Analysis and Control

9. BAE SYSTEMS The Core Design Process - 1 RF S S = C + D Customer Requirements System Requirements Specification System Requirements Specification System Functional Structure System Response Specification Sub System Requirements Specifications System Acceptance Specification Integration and Test Specifications

10. BAE SYSTEMS The Core Design Process - 2 RF Cust Req Sys Req Spec Sys Fun Struc Sys Resp Spec Sub Sys Req Specs Sys Acc Spec Int & Test Specs Sys Req Spec CD Sys Fun Struc Chosen Sol

11. BAE SYSTEMS The Core Design Process - 3 RF Cust Req Sys Req Spec Sys Fun Struc Sys Resp Spec Sub Sys Req Specs Sys Acc Spec Int & Test Specs Sys Req Spec CD Sys Fun Struc Chosen Sol Sol Concs Sys Fun Struc Concerns Sol Concs

12. BAE SYSTEMS Concurrency reduces the risk all round Bid System Engineer/Design Procure, Manufacture and Test Deliver Contract Supra System Engineer Research Maintain Operate Train Accept Procure System(s) In Service Use (User) Procure (Customer) Develop System (Contractor) Applied Research Risk Mitigation Feedback Support Replace or Upgrade The Product Lifecycle

13. BAE SYSTEMS Design and Specification Manufacture Parts Integrate and Test TIME LEVELLEVEL The ‘V’ Diagram

14. BAE SYSTEMS The ‘V’ Diagram - cont Tested and Partially-Proven System Accept Validated System and Sub Systems Customer Equipment and Operational Environment Customer's Development Activities System Engineering Activities Trials Integrate with Customer's Equipment Integrate and Test System Response Specification and Drawings System Reqts Spec Sub System Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings TIME L E V E L Customer Equipment and Operational Environment

15. BAE SYSTEMS The ‘V’ Diagram - cont Tested and Partially-Proven Sub System Tested and Partially-Proven System Accept Validated System and Sub Systems Customer Equipment and Operational Environment Customer's Development Activities System Engineering Activities Sub System Engineering Activities Trials Integrate with Customer's Equipment Integrate and Test System Integrate and Test Sub Systems Response Specification and Drawings Response Specification and Drawings Building Block Reqts Spec System Reqts Spec Sub System Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings TIME L E V E L Customer Equipment and Operational Environment

16. BAE SYSTEMS The ‘V’ Diagram - cont Detail Drawings and Plans Tested and Partially-Proven Building Blocks Tested and Partially-Proven Sub System Tested and Partially-Proven System Accept Validated System and Sub Systems Customer Equipment and Operational Environment Customer's Development Activities System Engineering Activities Sub System Engineering Activities Design Building Blocks Test Building Blocks Trials Integrate with Customer's Equipment Integrate and Test System Integrate and Test Sub Systems Response Specification and Drawings Response Specification and Drawings Building Block Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings System Reqts Spec Sub System Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings TIME L E V E L Customer Equipment and Operational Environment

17. BAE SYSTEMS The ‘V’ Diagram - cont Detail Drawings and Plans Building Blocks Tested and Partially-Proven Building Blocks Tested and Partially-Proven Sub System Tested and Partially-Proven System Accept Validated System and Sub Systems Customer Equipment and Operational Environment Customer's Development Activities System Engineering Activities Sub System Engineering Activities Design Building Blocks Produce Building Blocks Test Building Blocks Trials Integrate with Customer's Equipment Integrate and Test System Integrate and Test Sub Systems Response Specification and Drawings Response Specification and Drawings Building Block Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings System Reqts Spec Sub System Reqts Spec Response Specification and Drawings TIME L E V E L

18. BAE SYSTEMS The smallest System shown is at 'Building Block' level (e.g. a circuit board), made up from 'Components' System Hierarchy

19. BAE SYSTEMS Concurrency Highly serial, very little concurrency Highly concurrent The steepness of the “V” represents the level of concurrency

20. BAE SYSTEMS Refined Drawings and Test Equipment The ‘W’ Diagram - cont System Specification and Manufacture Detail Drawings and Plans Accept Validated System Customer Equipment and Operational Environment Customer's Development Activities System Engineering Activities Sub System Engineering Activities Design Building Blocks Trials Integrate with Customer's Equipment Response Specification and Drawings Response Building Block Reqts Spec System Reqts Spec Sub System Reqts Spec Produce Building Blocks Test Building Blocks Integrate and Test System Integrate and Test Sub Systems Specification and Drawings Response Specification and Drawings Response Specification and Drawings TIME L E V E L Produce Building Blocks Test Building Blocks Integrate and Test System Integrate and Test Sub Systems Specification and Drawings DEVELOPMENT PROTOTYPES PRODUCTION Refined Drawings and Test Equipment Refined Drawings and Test Equipment Refined Detail Drawings and Plans Production Acceptance Deliver Systems

21. BAE SYSTEMS Production Development Concept Demonstrator Concept Demonstrator In order to ‘gain hindsight’ early, a concept demonstrator is built before main development, shown as a narrow V The VW Diagram

22. BAE SYSTEMS The Process Model and the ‘V’ Diagram System Engineering Process Model Waterfall ‘V’ Diagram Product Hierarchy Time (process, product, time)

23. BAE SYSTEMS System Engineering Process Models ‘V’ Diagram It Applies at Each Level in the System Hierarchy The Process Model is Recursive

24. BAE SYSTEMS Prototype System and Support Equipment Plans Other Engineering Functions (Project Management, Production, Sub Systems etc.) Stated Requirements, Acceptance Agreement Support, Resources Sub System Suppliers Management Data, Agreed Requirements and acceptance criteria, Plans, Sub System Designs and Material, Design Proving Evidence, Design Certificate Test Equipment Requirements, Plans Test and Support Equipment Suppliers Customer Company Infrastructure Sub System Requirements, Plans Plans, System Design Procedures, Support, Management Data World User (Higher Level Tests/Trials) Constraints Compliance Evidence Management Data, Agreed Requirements and acceptance criteria, Plans, System Design, Design Proving Evidence, Design Certificate Facilities Test Records Perform System Engineering Project Management Data, Agreed Requirements and acceptance criteria,, Plans, Test and Support Equipment Designs and Material, Design Proving Evidence, Design Certificate Notes 1. The diagram is schematic only a few of the inputs and outputs are shown. 2. Sub system suppliers may be internal or external to own company. 3. The interface to sub system suppliers mirrors that with the customer and user when shown in detail. Records Support System Engineering Context Diagram

25. BAE SYSTEMS AC SECURE ACCEPTANCE AND CERTIFICATION SUB SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND IMPLEMENTATION T SUPPORT HIGHER LEVEL TESTS (TRIALS) SYSTEM TEST EQUIPMENT PROVIDE IN SERVICE SUPPORT ISS E ACCEPTANCE PROVIDE SPECIALIST DESIGN SUPPORT SS PERFORM SYSTEM ANALYSIS A HARMONISE SUB SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS H START FMANAGE SYSTEM ENGINEERINGM DESIGN REVIEWS CREATE CANDIDATE SOLUTION CONCEPTS C A PERFORM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS F I INTEGRATE AND TEST SYSTEM D DESIGN SYSTEM AND SPECIFY SUB SYSTEMS R DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS SS M H SE Process Model (Level 2)

26. BAE SYSTEMS Perform Functional Analysis F Perform System Analysis A Determine Requirements R M Manage System Engineering Create Candidate Solution Concepts Provide Specialist Design Support Integrate and Test System Perform System Engineering Harmonise Sub Systems Implementations Support Higher Level Tests(Trials) CSSIAC Design System and Specify Sub Systems DHT Secure Acceptance and Certification LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 Provide In Service Support ISS Level 3 Level 4

27. BAE SYSTEMS R Specify and Agree System Requirements Specify and Agree System Acceptance Criteria Determine Requirements Prepare for R Capture Requirements R1R2R3R4R5 Identify required skills and personnel Select methods and tools to manage requirements Produce plan, work breakdown, and programme Produce cost estimates Establish points of contact with customer/user organisation 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Define Supra System and interfaces Define required functions (see F2) Determine required performance Determine constraints on the system Determine support requirements Determine cost, numbers and timescale Determine customer’s selection criteria Determine customer’s requirements for Design Proving Determine non customer requirements Collect and collate requirement data 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Analyse requirements data for completeness Analyse functional requirements (see F2, F3) Use modeling and simulation to analyse requirements (see A) Develop understanding of requirements Explore impact of non-compliance Refine requirements Highlight risks 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Determine requirement specification format Produce requirement specification Demonstrate traceability from higher level specifications Review, agree and control requirement specification 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Determine conditions for acceptance Identify customer supplied items Produce system acceptance specification Review and agree system acceptance specification 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Analyse Requirements