1. Unit 1 Contextual Studies 1. Create a time line that documents the most important lighting developments. 1780- 0il lamp 1785 – gas lamp1840 – Arc lamp 1820 – Vacuum tube lamp 1875– Electric Light Bulb 1880 – Long lasting filament 1854 – Bamboo Filament 1991 – Mercury Vapour Lamp 1910 – Tungsten Filament 1926 – Fluorescent lamp 1962 – Light Emitting Diode 1973 – Compact Fluorescent Lamp 1988 - Organic Light emitting diode 1991 – Magnetic induction lamp 1994 - Sulphur lamp

2. 2. Explain key lighting developments / inventions. Gas Lamp 1792 was the first commercial use of gas lighting, William Murdoch used coal gas to light his house in Cornwall. The first person to patent gas lighting was a German inventor named Freidich Winzer in 1804. In 1810 a man named David Melville received the first U.S patent for gas light. Oil Lamps The central burner was invented in the 18 th century, this was a major improvement in lamp design. The source of fuel was now tightly enclosed in metal, a adjustable metal tube was also use to control the intensity of the light. A Swiss chemist, Ami Argand is credited with first developing the idea of using an oil lamp with a hollow circular wick surrounded by a glass chimney in 1783

3. Unit 1 Contextual Studies 3. P - Who invented neon light? 4. P - How are neon lights made? Neon Light The French engineer, chemist and inventor Georges Claude invented the neon light in 1902. Creating neon lighting is usually done by hand because of how fragile it is. They are made of thin glass tubes that re bent into shapes, these tend to be letters. To begin with the tube is straight but is heated and bent multiple times to create the required shape. The glass will be filled with neon through the port at a later stage after the glass has been cleaned and purified, another current will be sent through the port to bring the gas to its full potential and age the sign.

4. Unit 1 Contextual Studies 5. P/M - How and why does your artist / light designer use neon lights? Tracey Emin, ‘I Dream Of Sleep’ Tracey Emin has used neon lighting in this piece to spell out the words I dream of sleep, I feel that she has used neon lighting because it is bright and hard to miss, I feel that she has used it in an ironic sense. Because we sleep and dream at night in the dark and although neon lights are generally used in the night they are bright and people cant no sleep when it is right. I feel that piece is trying to portray the fact that she longs for sleep for sleep but this is something she is unable to achieve, this is why she ‘dreams of sleep’. I think that she used neon lighting because it is malleable which means it could be bent to look like her own writing which would make it personal to her.

5. Unit 1 Contextual Studies 6. P / M Give examples of where neon lighting is used in public places. Neon Lights are mainly used in shop widows because they are bright and easy to for customers to see, they are used for advertising and even decoration.

6. 7. M / D How has neon light revolutionised the way public signs have been designed? Neon signs are a good way to let your customers see you are open or to advertise a new products.. They are very bright and eye catching in all hours of the day. They are very attractive and appealing and have helped to define cities such as Las Vegas They are much more creative than the ordinary sign and stand t out from the crowd but because they are used so frequently by so many people and in so many ways it is hard to stand out from the crowd. The good thing about neon light is that they are bright, bold and beautiful where as before neon lights where invented signs would have been plain, boring and not as eye-catching. The bad thing about neon is that it has become so commercial as it is so cheap and can be produced to look like almost anything that it is now been used everywhere, there is not likely to be a high street where you will not see a neon lighting, and so now they have become less appealing and do not stand out as much as they did when they first came about

7. Unit 1 Contextual Studies 8. M / D - What impact has LED lighting had on product design? (e.g. Bicycle lights) Include examples. LED Lights are used everywhere, they are used to insure the safety of people. E.g. Street Lights, these lights are a lot cheaper and save energy. Floodlights mainly use LED lighting. Other things that use LED lighting are: Pedestrian Signals Signal Lighting And just everyday light bulbs. Led lighting has had a huge impact on the way products are designed, this is mainly because LED Lights have a longer life time than the normal light bulb, an Led light will give you 50,000 hours of light where as a normal light bulb will only give you 1000 hours of light. Led lights are durable, they last a long time unlike regular light bulbs which tend to be made from glass. They produce less heat than a regular light bulb and use no UV. They are decorative, they come in a range of different colours and does not need a colour lens to change colour. They are waterproof by them selves and also it functions can be controlled using a processer to create unique lighting effects. All of the above reasons why led lights are used in children shoes, using LED lighting in this product means that the lighting in the shoes will last long and customers will not be disappointed, the lights will not heat up to a high temperature which means it is safe to use in the product. It also means that the product can be exiting for the child as the lights can be programmed to change colours.