1. The Italian Republic The Italian Republic was born the 2nd June 1946. The 2nd June 1946 the Italian were called to vote the referendum about the Institutional form of the State and to decide, so, if the Italy had to continue to be a Monarchy or become a Republic. The 53,4% of the voter choose the Republican form, deciding the end of the monarchy and the esilio of the Savoias family. In this period you had the first Italian electoral turn at really universal suffrage: finally women vote too. A woman shows the first page of the Corriere della Sera of the 3° June 1946, next day to the referendum3° June 1946referendum

2. The Italian Constitution The Italian Constitution was born on the 1st January 1948. The Italian Constitution of the Italian Republic is the most important law of the Italian State. it is the summary of different current thoughts (Liberal,Democratic,Socialist,Christian- Social The founder fathers were: Alcide De Gasperi; Pietro Nenni; Palmiro Togliatti; Ugo La Malfa. Enrico De Nicola signed the Constitution On the 27th december 1947

3. UPPER HOUSE

4. PARLIAMENT

6. The Italian Constitution is based on some basic values the individual freedom (art.13); the religious freedom (art.19-20); the association and meeting freedom (art.17-18); the absolute equality between woman and man (art.3) both in the work field and the family context. the Italian Constitution contains all the values that are the expression of our history. they have to be protected as the cultural heritage of the all whole Nation

7. The Italian constitution contains the basic principles of the constitution map 1)The Democratic principle(art.1) that is based on the popular sovereignty. 2)The personalistic and solidaristic principle (art.2) 3)The equality principle (art.3):All people have the same equal rights. 4)The Labour principle (art.4) :All citizens have the right to work. 5)The pluralistic principle (art.6) ;All the obstacles which limit the citizens equality have to be removed. 6)The Internationalist principle (art.10); It confirms the opening of Italy towards the International Community

8. 61 st Republic Anniversary. Rome, the 2 nd June 2008 On the second of June is the Republics holiday, the Italian National Holiday. During this National Holiday the President put a laurel crown on the monument of Milite Ignoto near Altare della Patria in Rome. After this, the military parade starts at Fori imperiali with the President and the high officers of State. In the afternoon the National Holiday is opened to the people in the garden of the Quirinales palace, where the President lives. Here a lot of militar bands play some songs.

10. The Republic holiday is the occasion to visit the symbols of our country.

11. The star is white and it has got five cornered and it is the symbol of Italy since the Risorgimento. This star represents also the belonging to our army forces. The cog-wheel of steel is the symbol of the working activity and it traslates the first article of the Constitutional Charter: Italy is a democratic Republic based on work. The olive-branch symbolizes the peace will of the nation, both inside and outside. The oak-tree represents the strength and the dignity of the Italian population. The coat of Italian Republic It has got three elements: One star with five white rays, bordered with red colour, the cog-wheel of steel, an olive-branch on the left and another of the oak-tree on the right tie from red ribbon, with the white written in capital letter REPUBBLICA ITALIANA The coat of Italian Republic

12. The new flag, introduced at the end of the 1999 by the President Ciampi, recall the colours of the national flag, with special reference at the flag of the historic Italian Republic of the 1802- 1805; the square form and the light blue border symbolize the army forces, with the President as Chief. The Presidential flag

13. The Italian flag Green like our planes and our hope White like the snow of the Alps and the Appenins and the faith Red like the blood gave to our compatriots for the union of our land and our charity. The Italian flag is composed of three vertical straight of equal dimensions: The first (near the pole) is green; the second (central) is white; the third (the last) is red.

14. National acrobatic patrol The Frecce Tricolori are the national acrobatic patrol (PAN) of the Air Force. It was born in 1961, because the Italian Air Force would create a permanent acrobatic group. They are, with their ten planes, the biggest acrobatic group of the world. The planes during their performances emitted coloured smokes like the national flag colours.

15. Silvio BerlusconiSilvio Berlusconi, The actual Prime MInister Giorgio NapolitanoGiorgio Napolitano, the actual President

16. The National Hymn Mamelis Hymn or the Italian Hymn ( known as Fratelli dItalia) is the Italian National Hymn. The text was written in the autumn of 1847 by Goffredo Mameli who sent it on the 10th of November to his teacher Michele Novaro who wrote the music. The Hymn gave its first performance on the 10th of December in Genova during the celebration of the centenary of the expulsion of the Austrians. Goffredo Mameli is the writer of the Italian National Hymn. Michele Novaro set the music of Il canto degli italiani.

17. Fratelli d'Italia L'Italia s'è desta, Dell'elmo di Scipio S'è cinta la testa. Dov'è la Vittoria? Le porga la chioma, Ché schiava di Roma Iddio la creò. Stringiamci a coorte Siam pronti alla morte L'Italia chiamò. Noi siamo da secoli Calpesti, derisi, Perché non siam popolo, Perché siam divisi. Raccolgaci un'unica Bandiera, una speme: Di fonderci insieme Già l'ora suonò. Stringiamci a coorte Siam pronti alla morte L'Italia chiamò. Uniamoci, amiamoci, l'Unione, e l'amore Rivelano ai Popoli Le vie del Signore; Giuriamo far libero Il suolo natìo: Uniti per Dio Chi vincer ci può? Stringiamci a coorte Siam pronti alla morte L'Italia chiamò. Dall'Alpi a Sicilia Dovunque è Legnano, Ogn'uom di Ferruccio Ha il core, ha la mano, I bimbi d'Italia Si chiaman Balilla, Il suon d'ogni squilla I Vespri suonò. Stringiamci a coorte Siam pronti alla morte L'Italia chiamò. Son giunchi che piegano Le spade vendute: Già l'Aquila d'Austria Le penne ha perdute. Il sangue d'Italia, Il sangue Polacco, Bevé, col cosacco, Ma il cor le bruciò. Stringiamci a coorte Siam pronti alla morte L'Italia chiamò INNO D'ITALIA di Mameli

18. LItalia Turrita It is a personification of the Italian allegory. It is portrayed by a crown of towels (here the word Turrita), typical of civic Italian heraldry, of common origin. Its a woman with a thriving body, with the typical mediterranean attribute, which are the rosy complexion and dark hair. Often she keeps in her hand a bunch of ear of wheat, (symbol of the fertility and it reminds to the agricultural economy; during the fascism, she kept a lictor fasces. On the Italia Turrita, a star with five cornered flutted, the symbol, that, accorded to the legend, it could defend the Nation. It is called stellone ditalia, it was used on Savoia royal flag and is the dominant element in the current emblem of our Republic. L I t a l i a T u r r i t a i n p h i l a t e l i c a n d n u m i s m a t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n.