1. Exploring the Learning Success Factors of Resilient Students: The Engagement Perspective Dian-Fu Chang Tamkang University Hsiao-Chi Chang UC Davis, Sung-Po Lin

2. Definition of Resilient Students  They espouse psychological features of resilience.  They are students who are willing to conquer the barriers during their academic journey and eventually reward by their excellent academic achievement.  Resilient student in this study are students with an economically disadvantaged family background.

3. Purpose of the Study  Investigate the factors that underlying the success of resilient students.  Previous Studies focus on personality rather than engagement of resilient students.  This study employs engagement theory to explore the factors that promote the success of resilient students.

4. Literature Review

5. Context of the Study  Global:  PISA Report did not further discuss the backgrounds, motivation, characteristics and learning related factors of resilient of students.  Taiwan:  Students are deeply influenced by Confucianism and its belief system.

6. Characteristics of Resilient Students  Psychological:  Strong will  Self-efficacy  Positive Attitudes or Positive thinking  Behaviors go beyond the confinement  Contextual:  Strong Family support  Teachers providing opportunity

7. Theoretical Framework  Engagement is positively correlated to academic achievement  Engagement versus Personality  Engagement theory in this study:  Behavioral engagement  Cognitive engagement  Emotional engagement

8. Data Collection  Sampling population:  1,323 senior high school students  Demographic backgrounds of Students:  Age ranged from 15 to18 years old  34 Senior High Schools

9. Instrument  Academic performance is the score of General Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT):  Academic proficiency of Chinese Language Art English Mathematics Social Study Science  18 items regarding student engagement.

10. Method  Factor Analysis  ANOVA  Multiple Regression

11. Distribution of resilient students  91 resilient students (6.9%), 131 non- resilient students (9.9%), and 1,101 average students (83.2%)  Backgrounds of Resilient students:  Low socio-economic backgrounds  High Academic Performance

12. Engagement Levels of Students

13. Regression Models GroupModelR2R2 All students.130 Average Students.124 Resilient Students.203 Non-resilient Students.269 Y:GSAT Score; X1:Indirect-behavioral Engagement; X2:Direct-behavioral Engagement; X3:Emotional Engagement; X4:Cognitive Engagement

14. Discussion  The personality of resilient students is a key factor to their levels of engagement, specifically their enjoyment in learning.  Resilient students have better interaction with others, thus able to obtain the assistance from others.  Self-regulation of resilient students is crucial to keep their positive attitudes toward learning.

15. Conclusion  Stimulating student engagement is more important than providing resources, specifically to economically disadvantaged students.  Emotional engagement is the key factor behind the academic success of resilient students.

17. Questions?