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2. Effective AED & CPR Training Course 2 Welcome

3. Automated External Defibrillators Reliable, Safe, and Computerised 3

4. Chain of Survival 4

5. Early Access - to get help Early CPR - to buy time Early Defibrillation - to restart the heart Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support - to stabilise 5

6. Cardiac Arrest Survival Rates No treatment = 0% Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early ACLS = up to 75% 6

7. Resuscitation (Sudden Collapse) D Check for Dangers R Check Response A Check Airway B Check Breathing C Commence CPR (30:2) If alone, go for help immediately if the casualty is not breathing, and you suspect a heart attack has occurred. 7

8. Compressions Adults Child Baby 8 Use 2 hands and compress 5 – 6 cms. Location – centre of the chest. Use 1 hand and compress 1/3 rd of the depth of the casualty’s chest. Location – centre of the chest Use 2 fingers and compress 1/3 rd of the depth of the casualty’s chest. Location – an imaginary line between the baby’s nipples.

9. “Hands Only” CPR 9 Picture courtesy of British Heart Foundation www.bhf.org.uk

10. Hands Only CPR 10 If the casualty has suffered a heart attack there may be some oxygen remaining in the blood stream, and compressions will circulate that oxygen. Continuous chest compressions should be given at the rate of 100 – 120 compressions per minute.

11. Vomiting Turn the casualty on to their side if unconscious. Use a barrier device when undertaking CPR. Place the casualty in the Recovery Position if you are leaving them to get help 11

12. Chest does not rise 12

13. Hypoxia Meaning – Low Oxygen Main organs affected – Brain, Heart and Liver Possible irreversible damage within 4 minutes Coma, Seizure, or Death can also occur 13

14. Air in the Stomach 14

15. Hygiene during Resuscitation Benefits: Protection through one-way valve Can be used on all casualties Protects the casualty, and first aider Can be carried by first aider 15

16. The Heart The heart beats 100,000 every day Pumps about 5 litres of blood around the body Pumps De-oxygenated to the lungs Heart has natural pacemakers 16

17. Heart Attack A hear attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot, causing damage to the affected muscle 17

18. Heart Attack 18

19. Angina Angina develops when the muscles of the heart are not getting enough oxygen. This usually occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed, or are blocked. The treatment for both Heart Attack and Angina are very similar, however, Angina pain will usually subside within 3 – 8 minutes if the casualty rests. 19

20. Angina 20

21. Heart Attack / Angina 21 Angina Heart Attack Onset Sudden. During exercise. Stress. Arguments. Extreme weather. Sudden. Can occur while resting. Sometimes no warning sign. Pain Can be mistaken for indigestion. “Vice-like squashing pain. A dull tightness or pressure. Can be mistaken for indigestion. “Vice-like squashing pain. A dull tightness or pressure. Area of pain Centre of the chest initially, but will radiate out to the neck, shoulders, jaw, back and arms (usually left arm). Centre of the chest initially, but will radiate out to the neck, shoulders, jaw, back and arms (usually left arm). Skin Pale, and the casualty may be sweating. Grey colour / pale, and the casualty may be sweating profusely. Pulse Rate May become irregular and missing beats. May become irregular and missing beats. Other Signs & Symptoms Anxiety, weakness, shortness of breath. Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and a sense of impending doom. Duration of pain Pain will usually last between 3 to 8 minutes. Very rarely longer. Pain will usually last for longer than 30 minutes Relief Factors If casualty rests it will give relief. G.T.N. spray / medication. G.T.N. spray / medication may give the casualty some relief.

22. Electrical System of the Heart 22

23. Electrical System of the Heart Primary Pacemaker An electrical stimulus is generated by the Sinus Node (SA) 60 – 100 times per minute Secondary Pacemaker Electrical impulses travel to the Atrio Ventricular Node (AV), then down to the ventricles 23

24. Ventricular Fibrillation 24

25. Ventricular Tachycardia 25

26. Asystole 26

27. Ventricular Fibrillation 27

28. Ventricular Tachycardia 28

29. Resuscitation with an AED 29

30. Safety when using an AED 30

31. Jewellery AED pads should not touch any jewellery Risk of the casualty being burnt No need to remove piercings if they can be avoided by the pads and cables 31

32. Placement of pads on an Adult One pad should be placed to the right of the Sternum One pad should be placed on the left side of the chest ( approximately 100mm below the armpit) 32

33. Placement of pads on a Child One pad should be placed on the breastbone One should be placed on the casualty’s back, between the shoulder blades 33

34. Accesories 34

35. Using an AED on Children Do not use an AED on a baby of less than one year of age. A baby’s heartbeat is normally faster than an adult, and the AED might analyse this as Ventricular Tachycardia, and recommend a “shock” unnecessarily. 35

36. Recovery Position 36

37. Reporting the use of an AED Who needs information: Accident Book Paramedics Insurance Companies Ambulance Service Resuscitation Council (UK) 37

38. AED Signage 38 Use of a UK standardised AED sign is encouraged to highlight the location of the AED

39. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Flashbacks Nightmares Numbing feeling Avoidance “Being on guard” 39

40. Pacemakers 40 A pacemaker is a small device usually placed in the chest to help control abnormal heart rhythms

41. Agonal Breaths 41 Agonal Breaths are a sign that the body is not receiving enough oxygen. In the case of Cardiac Arrest it is an indication to start CPR immediately

42. Apnoea Apnoea – when the airflow is blocked for 10 seconds or more Hypopnoea – when 50% of airflow is blocked for 10 seconds or more 42 Normal breathing during sleep Obstructive breathing during sleep apnea

43. Choking Conscious Casualties: Encourage to cough Lean forward Back blows Abdominal Thrusts Unconscious Casualties: Commence CPR 43

44. Automated CPR 44 Allows hands free compressions Uninterrupted compressions Allows defibrillation Allows administration of medication No tiredness Safety of ambulance crews

45. Thank you for Listening 45