1. International Scientific Data Sharing: Benefits and Opportunities Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS UNESCO Science Laureate

2. A Connected World ! The Digital Age --- digital divides! The Digital Age --- digital divides! An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than Fiction! An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than Fiction! The Knowledge Explosion The Knowledge Explosion New Challenges and Opportunities New Challenges and Opportunities Transitioning to a Knowledge Economy Transitioning to a Knowledge Economy A Key Factor: Networking and Data Sharing A Key Factor: Networking and Data Sharing Pakistan: A Case Study Pakistan: A Case Study

3. The Digital Age Death of Distance Networking Presents New Opportunities Networking Presents New Opportunities ICT Driving Growth ICT Driving Growth Commerce Commerce Telemedicine Telemedicine E Governance E Governance GIS GIS Remote Controlled Instrumentation Remote Controlled Instrumentation

4. ! Truth Stranger than Fiction ! Blind seeing with the Tongue Blind seeing with the Tongue Paralysed moving wheel chairs--- with thought control Paralysed moving wheel chairs--- with thought control Luminescent Orchids Luminescent Orchids Metamaterials – making invisible Metamaterials – making invisible Stem cells Stem cells

5. Requirements for Rapid Progress  Human capital with knowledge and skills and skills  Technology  Technology  Innovation/Entrepreneurship Infrastructure and incentives to innovate Mechanisms: Networking, Data Sharing, Knowledge generation and application 5

6. The Knowledge Explosion ICT serving to level out the playing field ICT serving to level out the playing field Share of developing countries as % of world research publications increased from 20.9% to 32% Share of developing countries as % of world research publications increased from 20.9% to 32% Share of developed countries declined from 84.3% to 75.3% in same period Share of developed countries declined from 84.3% to 75.3% in same period UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010 UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010

7. New Challenges and Opportunities! Challenges: Diminishing young populations in many countries opting for research Challenges: Diminishing young populations in many countries opting for research Lack of vision in leaderships of many developing countries Lack of vision in leaderships of many developing countries Opportunities: The advent of a knowledge age Opportunities: The advent of a knowledge age Easier to Catch up---given the political will eg. China, Korea etc. Easier to Catch up---given the political will eg. China, Korea etc.

8. Impact of just one institution---- MIT MIT graduates and faculty have founded 4000 companies Employ: 1.1 million people Annual Sales: $ 240 billion Collectively these companies are the 18th largest economy in the World!

9. Constraints of a Developing Country Lack of a vision, strategy, action plan to transition to Knowledge Economies Inability to Use Data due to: Inability to Use Data due to: 1) Lack of critical mass of Quality Researchers 1) Lack of critical mass of Quality Researchers 2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure 2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure 3) Lack of Funds for Research/Libraries 3) Lack of Funds for Research/Libraries 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish (universities are actually community colleges) 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish (universities are actually community colleges)

10. Open Access --- the New Wave! Open Access Journals Open Access Journals Open Access Journal Articles Open Access Journal Articles Open Access Books Open Access Books Open Access Book Chapters Open Access Book Chapters Open Access Lectures Open Access Lectures

11. Open Source MIT Open Source Materials --- A Wonderful Initiative MIT Open Source Materials --- A Wonderful Initiative Apple iTunes U : Another great source of data Apple iTunes U : Another great source of data Host of Other Materials Freely Available on Internet Host of Other Materials Freely Available on Internet

12. Data Sharing Telemedicine Telemedicine Sharing GIS Data --- Web based GIS for sharing geographical data, E governance Sharing GIS Data --- Web based GIS for sharing geographical data, E governance International Grid: CERN calculations --- across the world! International Grid: CERN calculations --- across the world! Remote Control of Science Experiments: NMR Remote Control of Science Experiments: NMR

13. An Example from a Developing Country: Pakistan

14. Pakistan---An Exciting Beginning !! My appointment as Federal Minister of Science & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman Higher Education Commission (2000-2008) My appointment as Federal Minister of Science & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman Higher Education Commission (2000-2008) 6000% increase in budget of Science & Technology 6000% increase in budget of Science & Technology 2400% increase in budget of higher education 2400% increase in budget of higher education

15. Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data Sharing CONSTRAINT ONE ---- CONSTRAINT ONE ---- National Vision, Strategy and Action Plan

16. Cabinet (on 19 November 2003) Entrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman to Entrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman to Prepare a comprehensive National Development Plan – Transitioning to a Knowledge Economy Prepare a comprehensive National Development Plan – Transitioning to a Knowledge Economy 16

17. Areas Agriculture Agriculture Textiles Textiles Leather Leather Materials Materials Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Engineering Goods Engineering Goods Electronics Electronics Energy / Power Energy / Power Telecommunications Telecommunications Information Technology Information Technology Construction & Housing Construction & Housing Transportation Transportation Strategic Industries / Technologies Strategic Industries / Technologies 17

18. Methodology  Study undertaken: PCST + PIDE  12 Committees ( several hundred eminent scientists, engineers, planners, economists and private sector representatives)  Consultation with Federal / Provincial Ministries  Consultation with PAEC, KRL, NESCOM, SPD etc.  Intensive Brainstorming Sessions: SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis Strategies Identified Strategies Identified Action Plan prepared in each field Action Plan prepared in each field Important projects for implementing the Action Plan Identified Important projects for implementing the Action Plan Identified Will need to reviewed and revised constantly Will need to reviewed and revised constantly 18

19.  Technology gap Example:  Fan Industry: Korea sells 10 times more fans (with noise reduction technology) than Pakistan  Policy gap We have ignored the paradigm shift in world trade which is towards high tech products  Innovation gap Lack of organized effort to promote innovation/ entrepreneurship Gaps 19

20. Approach Focus, Focus, Focus!  Prepare prioritized list of “Doable” projects in each sector  Clearly identify What is to be done ? What is to be done ? Who will do it ? Who will do it ? Implementation timeframe ? Implementation timeframe ? Human resource requirements ? Human resource requirements ? Cost of project ? Cost of project ? Impact on national economy ? Impact on national economy ? 20

21. Foresight Document (270 pages) Approved National Implementation Committee constituted under Prime Minister comprising relevant Ministries, eminent scientists, engineers, Secretaries and Private Sector representatives 21 Cabinet Decision

22. Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data Sharing CONSTRAINT Two ---- CONSTRAINT Two ---- Developing Critical Mass of High Quality Researchers Developing Critical Mass of High Quality Researchers (developing national abilities to generate, share and utilize data)

23. Challenge: How do we attract our brightest to Education/Research ? Pakistan has 85 million below age 19 (54% of population) ! Both a Challenge and an Opportunity Both a Challenge and an Opportunity It is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields--- education, S&T, Government It is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields--- education, S&T, Government HOW ??

24. 1)about the wonders of science ! 1) Excite young minds about the wonders of science ! 2) 2) Select and train the Brightest in top universities abroad 3) -- by creating an enabling environment : 3) Attract them back--- by creating an enabling environment : Salaries Research Funding Access to Literature/ Instrumentation Critical Mass—create clusters !

25. Attracting the Brightest ! Dramatic Change in Salary Structures/Benefits Under new “Tenure Track” system salaries of Professors raised to over US $ 5,000 per month (equal to US$ 7,000 per month after tax concessions)---five times more than Federal Ministers in Government ! Performance based system Performance based system 75% Tax waiver for University Teachers (maximum 5%)

26. Massive Foreign scholarship programs Nearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for Europe) Nearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for Europe) World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship program for the US World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship program for the US Each returning scholar given access to $ 100,000 research fund with guaranteed jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track system Each returning scholar given access to $ 100,000 research fund with guaranteed jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track system About US$ 1 Billion being spent on Foreign Scholarships (1500 in IT) Indigenous PhD programs promoted

27. 27 Distribution of Approved Project Cost

28. Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data Sharing CONSTRAINT THREE ---- CONSTRAINT THREE ---- Developing world class infra- structure --- the knowledge highways!

29. Paksat 1 Ku Band C-Band

30. Virtual University 4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV Channels for content delivery (License for 2 granted) Satellite Earth Station 2 Recording Studios Potential for providing high quality training in remote areas of Pakistan

31. 31 August 14, 2000 29 Cities

32. Spread of Internet Services in Cities & Towns of Pakistan Information Technology 1050 2000 580 29 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003 Year

33. 822 cities on the Internet 2002 Iran Afghanistan India China From 40 to 1,000 Cities on Optical Fibre (2000-2005) SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being upgraded to DWDM 10 Gb/s

34. Internet user growth Start point Today June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million Actual users more than 20 Million! Dial up

35. Plummeting costs…. Start point Today June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000 October 2004 : US$ 3,800 Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !

36. Communications Network---the Effect of one Good Decision! 1992-2000, little Growth(300,000 phones) 2001, CPP regime brought in Network expansion of 3 million phone- lines ordered in 2002 ! Mobilink, U-fone Explosive growth continues till today (over 100 million phones today—hottest sector of the economy)

37. Pakistan Education & Research Network PERN – I Status (2003 – 08) Universities/ Institutes80 Core Bandwidth155 Mbps Last Mile Bandwidth4-24 Mbps International Leased Circuit 155 Mbps PERN – II Plans (2009 - 2013) Universities/ Institutes/R&E Org. 250+ Core Bandwidth10 Gbps Last Mile Bandwidth1 Gbps International Leased Circuit1.3 Gbps

38. Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data Sharing CONSTRAINT FOUR ---- CONSTRAINT FOUR ---- The Contents ---- Access to Information!

39. Digital Library E-Journals: 25,000 full text journals 220 international publishers E-Books: access to over 45,000 text books and monographs -- 220 international publishers MIT Mirror Web site MIT Mirror Web site

40. 75 Thousand e contents Ever since its inception, Digital Library is striving hard to provide our institutions with superior quality peer-reviewed, full-text, academic and research material in the shape of e-journals as well as e-books. There are more than 75 Thousand e contents available to researchers.. Springer LinkProject MUSE Cambridge Uni. PressScience Online Wiley Interscience IEEE JSTOR Ebrary McGraw-Hill ProfessionalISI – Web of Science Science DirectEmerald For a complete list of e-resources please visit www.digitallibrary.edu.pkwww.digitallibrary.edu.pk 40 E-Resources National Digital Library Program

41. Downloads - Overall Usage 41 National Digital Library Program Usage Stats – An Insight

42. International Video-lecturing Program / Distance Learning High quality video-conferencin g equipment installed Series of international lectures (nation- wide) by top professors from leading world universities Complete Courses Now Being Delivered: Sri Lanka, Thailand, Pakistan etc benefiting URL: http:\\111.68.111.200/moodle

43. Video Conferencing Facility 43 Launched in Dec 2006 2006200720082009Total Universities Equipped 414163670 Events organized 145324908941921 Events Lectures / Presentati ons Conferen ces Technic al Discussi on Meeting s Intervie ws Total Events 2006338--14 2007154102766320523 20086373168222490 2009631063016724894 Total283301230312661921

44. Telemedicine Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in 2001 Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in 2001 Selected Doctors Trained in USA Selected Doctors Trained in USA Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated northern areas Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated northern areas Over 4000 tele-consultations provided Over 4000 tele-consultations provided

45. Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data Sharing CONSTRAINT FIVE ---- CONSTRAINT FIVE ---- Controlling Improper Use of Available Data --- Plagiarism! Controlling Improper Use of Available Data --- Plagiarism!

46. National Plagiarism Policy National Plagiarism Policy prepared and implemented National Plagiarism Policy prepared and implemented Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to all universities/institutions Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to all universities/institutions Plagiarism “watch dog” set up Plagiarism “watch dog” set up All theses and research papers checked by universities & centrally monitored All theses and research papers checked by universities & centrally monitored National Archives created for all National Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc). National Archives created for all National Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc).

47. IMPACT

48. Increasing Access 1947-2003 : 135,000 university students 1947-2003 : 135,000 university students 2009 : 400,000 university students 2009 : 400,000 university students No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in 2000 to 127 in 2009 No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in 2000 to 127 in 2009

49. Results 600% in ISI abstracted publications 600% in ISI abstracted publications 1000% increase in citations over last 4 years 1000% increase in citations over last 4 years Tripling of enrolment and doubling of universities Tripling of enrolment and doubling of universities

50. Year wise Research Output-Pakistan

51. PhD Output Discipline 1947 - 2002 [55 years] 2003 - 2009 [ 7 Years ] Number Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences 363450 Biological & Medical Sciences 589601 Engineering & Technology 14131 Business Education 1158 Physical Sciences 688677 Social Sciences 899739 Arts & Humanities 663377 Honorary 544 Total 3,2813,037

52. World University Rankings Higher Education Times, UK Rankings, November 2009: Higher Education Times, UK Rankings, November 2009: Several Pakistani universities ranked among the top 300 universities of the World : Several Pakistani universities ranked among the top 300 universities of the World : Karachi University at 223 Natl.science), NUST at 263, NUST at 281 Karachi University at 223 Natl.science), NUST at 263, NUST at 281 QAU at 69 in Engineering-related discipline

53. Glowing International Reviews-- World Bank World Bank USAID USAID British Council British Council “Nature”--27 th November 2007---- “The Paradox of Pakistan” “Nature”--27 th November 2007---- “The Paradox of Pakistan” “Nature” --28 th August 2008--- “After Musharraf” “Nature” --28 th August 2008--- “After Musharraf” “Nature”--- 3 rd September 2009 “Nature”--- 3 rd September 2009 “Nature” --- 22 nd September 2010 “Nature” --- 22 nd September 2010

54. Nature, 22 nd September 2010 54 “Rahman's strong scientific background, enthusiasm for reform and impressive ability to secure cash made him a hit at home and abroad---- It really was an anomaly that we had a person of that stature with that kind of backing Atta-ur-Rahman was a force of nature."

55. Highest Civil Award of Austria

56. International Prize for Pakistan I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize for Institution Building I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize for Institution Building Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture delivered by me in Durban, South Africa last month Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture delivered by me in Durban, South Africa last month

57. Royal Society (London) In a survey entitled “A New Golden Age ?” the Royal Society has come forward with examples of recent positive changes in some Islamic countries and quoted Pakistan as the best practice model to be followed by other developing countries In a survey entitled “A New Golden Age ?” the Royal Society has come forward with examples of recent positive changes in some Islamic countries and quoted Pakistan as the best practice model to be followed by other developing countries

58. PAKISTAN’s Potential Winners of International Science Olympiads

59. A GROUP OF GERMAN STUDENTS

60. THANK YOU