VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE

VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE
MASTERS PROGRAM IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING, RACHANA SANSAD, PRABHADEVI, MUMBAI – 25 SEMESTER IV | THESIS, 2014

VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE
AUTHOR AR. ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT GUIDE PROF. KARIM PANJWANI VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE MASTERS PROGRAM IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING, RACHANA SANSAD, PRABHADEVI, MUMBAI – 25 SEMESTER IV | THESIS, 2014

01 Introduction 02 Contemporary context 03 Need for study
STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION 01 Introduction 02 Contemporary context 03 Need for study 04 Area of concern 05 Hypothesis 06 Aims & Objectives 07 Scope & Limitations 08 Case Studies 09 Analysis 10 Inference 11 Future study 12 Bibliography VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

ICT 01 COMMUNICATION 02 COMPUTING 03 DATA 1. INTRODUCTION
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) is unified or integrated telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. ICT 01 COMMUNICATION Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, written, or behavior. Telecommunications is transmitting signals over a distance for the purpose of communication 02 COMPUTING Computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically Computing is a goal oriented activity carried out through the use of computer 03 DATA Data is a quantitative measurement or a qualitative fact about something Source : Wikipedia, Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1. INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION OF ICT VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE
REAL-TIME INTERACTION Audio / Visual / Data Transition at the same time Interactive / Mass interaction Real time TIME LAG COMMUNICATION REAL TIME CMMUNICATION Source : Wikipedia, Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1. INTRODUCTION ICT & EVOLUTION OF CITIES
Categories of change Agriculture Age Industrial Age Information Age 1700 Ad prior 1700 Ad To onwards Technology Tool oriented Power oriented Information Oriented Product / Factors Food / Land Goods / Capital Information / Expertise Actors Farmers Factory workers Technicians Production Venue Household Factory ICT utility Unified principal Religion Nationalism Globalism Growth factors Tradition Economic Knowledge oriented economic Economy Agriculture Agriculture Agricultural - Least developed Industrial Industrial - Emerging economies Information - Developed countries Cities Mono centric Mono centric Polycentric / Multinuclear / Mixed 1 Initial urban growth 1 Commercial sub urbanization 2 Expansion of cities 2 Decentralization of metropolitan 3 Residential 3 Global city networks sub urbanization 4 Urban revitalization Source : Wikipedia, Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1. INTRODUCTION SPACE OF FLOWS - The best known concept of changing role space, place, distance & time is suggested by CASTELS(1996/2002) in his concept of space of flows. The Virtual space, the SPACE OF FLOWS, does not replace the geographical space; rather, by selectively connecting places to one another, it changes their functional logic and social dynamics. ICT transformed the fundamental dimensions of human life, namely space and time. Source : Mitchell, M Castells, Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

2. CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT HYBRID SPACES
URBAN ENVIRONMENT HYBRID SPACES ICT has dissolved boundaries between the virtual and real space creating “Hybrid Spaces” all around us. Mobile ICT has blurred the boundaries between Private, Social & Public space People ICT URBAN SPACES VIRTUAL HYBRID We have entered a new technological - cultural lifestyle which challenges the foundations of our thinking about space in everyday life. Source : Mitchell, M Castells, Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

2. CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT PHYSICAL MANIFESTATION OF VIRTUAL SPACES
PHYSICAL PLACES BACKOFFICE IT FIRMS BACK OFFICE SUPPLY CHAIN BACKEND RESEARCH CENTRES VIRTUAL SPACES E BANKING INFORMATION CLOUD SOCIAL MEDIA E GOVERNANCE URBAN SERVICES E SHOPPING E LEARNING TOOLS APPS SOFTWARES PHYSICAL PLACES ATMS INFORMATION KIOSKS NEW PUBLIC PLACES INFRASTRUCTURE WAREHOUSING CONVINIENT PLACES HARDWARE / EFFICIENT & FLEXIBLE WORK SPACES ICT MANIFESTATION AS EXPERIENCES ICT MANIFESTATION FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

3. NEED FOR STUDY 1 ICT based Urban trends affect contemporary urban lifestyle, economics, social life, productivity, effectiveness of services, governance, environment etc. These create new requirement with new urban trends concerning his daily life activities such as living, work, recreation, transport etc. Consequence of these changes influence spatial planning of our living environment. The interaction of ICT & modern lifestyle characterizes the contemporary city which has and will create new urban spaces and forms 2 3 4 VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

4. AREA OF CONCERN 1 Despite significant research on ICT on socio – economics there has been little attention to ICT’s influence on spatial planning and changes. We need to understand the influence of ICT on spatial planning as its influence is often unnoticed being invisible and subtle ICT should not only be looked upon merely as a tool for visualization and participation, but its impact on spatial form of the city should also be studied. 2 3 VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1 2 3 4 5. HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS
ICT INFLUENCE ON ICT 1 ICT AS ECONOMY 2 ICT AS DRIVER OF ECONOMY 3 ICT AS INFRASTRUCTURE 4 ICT FOR PUBLIC SERVICES HYPOTHESIS The study will establish importance of ICT as important driving force for development of the future societies causing changes in way of living, habits & behavior of individual, people in society, economy and culture resulting new spatial developments CHANGING URBAN CULTURE & LIYESTLE CHANGING URBAN CULTURE & LIYESTLE Source : Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

6. AIM & OBJECTIVES TRADITIONAL SPACES CHANGING SPACES AIM OFFICES
BANKS RETAIL SOCIAL SPACES ZONING SINGLE USE STRUCTURES PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SPACES HOMES CHANGING SPACES FLEXI -MOBILE OFFICES E BANKING E COMMERCE VIRTUAL SPACES MIXED USED MULTIUSE STRUCTURES VIRTUAL CONNECTIVITY VIRTUALLY CONNECTED PUBLIC SPACES HOME - OFFICES AIM the study will provide critical analysis of the changing urban spaces by the interaction of ICT in contemporary urban lifestyle OBJECTIVES Ascertain the study of trends in ICT and its influences on society and spatial form The study will also explore the wide possibilities of utilizing ICT for urban planning and development To explore possible future trend and possible impacts on urban fabric Source : Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

7. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS SCOPE
The scope of the study focus on urban spatial form & pattern LIMITATIONS Lack of prior research studies on the topic, lack of date, limited time for research. ICT evolution has just begun and would continuously evolve in future, a study at this moment would lead to a preliminary approach towards understanding its impact on spatial form Source : Author. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

8. CASE STUDIES BANGALORE – ICT ECONOMIC & SPATIAL DRIVER OF CITY
BANGALORE ICT CAPITAL OF INDIA (2011) (2013) Population 9,621,551 6,537,124 Population Growth % % Area Sq. Km 2, ,196 Density/km2 4, ,985 Sex Ratio (Per 1000) Average Literacy ,96 Bangalore’s ICT industry is its prime industry and has boosted its urban economy Accelerated city growth : Boost in economy has accelerated growth of the city (47% ) Employment Generation : ICT industry in India directly employed 41,00,000 employees out of which 25% are located in Bangalore (NASCOM 2001) Source : Globalization & Urban reconstruction of Bangalore report,Times of India, VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

Urban Growth : The growth In ICT firms has created a demand for good quantity & quality of office spaces with telecom. Connections & other infrastructure Electronic city growth : South of Bangalore for clear satellite view for connectivity Retail spaces : started emerging in between CBD and housing providing services for both CBD as Entertainment & Leisure : The retail along CBD provides entertainment & leisure activities like restaurants, puns , shopping malls, entertainment centers etc. Secondary CBDS : The overcrowding of Central CBD resulted in formation of secondary CBD’s occupied by single firms with large campuses Lifestyle: ICT workers are highly paid as compared to other public servant and preferred gated luxury housing & work places creating gated communities Themed developments : The shifting of high end commercial space at periphery or second nodes followed by growth of retail, entertainment & leisure services. This boosted the growth of enclave & exclusive gated Luxury commercial space with Luxury housing. Congestion : The secondary CBD’s & dispersed offices increased need to travel with private vehicles creating traffic congestions Increased business tourism : Bangalore has emerged as most visited city in India for Business Travel Bangalore rank 12, Mumbai rank 20 out of 25 global cities, 2012) which boosted growth of hospitality industry ICT drives economic growth and spatial developments Source : Globalization & Urban reconstruction of Bangalore report, Times of India, ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP ICT drives economic growth and spatial developments

8. CASE STUDIES GURGAON – ICT ECONOMIC DRIVER OF CITY
GURGAON ICT DRIVEN ECONOMY (2011) (2013) Population 1,514, ,539 Population Growth % % Area Sq. Km 2, ,196 Density/km , Sex Ratio (Per 1000) Average Literacy Gurgaon city barely existed 20years ago. Today Gurgaon is often portrayed as a symbol of a rising "new" India, an international economic engine. Source : Gurgaon Feedback Ventures Report, ndtv VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

GURGAON ICT DRIVEN ECONOMY City has : Today there shopping malls, golf courses and luxury shops, automobile showrooms. City doesn't have : functioning citywide sewer or drainage system; reliable electricity or water; and public sidewalks, adequate parking, decent roads or any citywide system of public transportation and SWM plan In Gurgaon, economic growth is often the product of a private sector improvising to overcome the inadequacies of the government. Electricity blackouts ? > massive diesel generators. No water? > Drill private borewells. No public transportation? > Companies employ hundreds of private buses and taxis. Worried about crime? > private security ICT drives economic growth and spatial developments Source : Gurgaon Feedback Ventures Report, ndtv ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1 2 3 4 ICT IMPACTS ON CITY 9. ANALYSIS
URBAN PLACES BASED ON BUILT FORM 1 SYNERGY 2 SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS 3 GENERATION 4 ENHANCEMENT ICT IMPACTS ON CITY VIRTUAL SPACES BASED ON CONNECTIVITY Source : Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS 2 ICT infrastructure adhere to existing infrastructure URBAN PLACES BASED ON BUILT FORM 1 SYNERGY 2 SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS 3 GENERATION 4 ENHANCEMENT 1 ICT infrastructure and use is concentrated in cities Along road & rail networks, other existing infrasturre . Growth of Wi fi is changing this scenario 3 ICT activities concentrates with concentrated economic activities Cities play an important role in the location of ICT companies and related economic activities. Commercial activities Commercial activities VIRTUAL SPACES BASED ON CONNECTIVITY Commercial activities Source : Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1 2 3 4 9. ANALYSIS 1 Physical flow by electronic flow
PLACE 1 0 MILE PLACE 2 2000 MILES PLACE 3 5000 MILES TIME = X PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY VIRTUALCONNECTIVITY When time taken to communicate over 10,000 miles is indistinguishable from the time taken to communicate 1 mile, then time – space convergence has taken place ICT has minimized the need to travel (physically) and substituted it with virtual travel E Banking Bank Physical travel to physical place Virtual flow & virtual place 2 Physical places by virtual spaces Physical place Traditionally society needed physical places for social interactions Social Media & Networking Global network ICT has substituted the need of physical places for social interaction by virtual spaces (social media & networking) URBAN PLACES BASED ON BUILT FORM 1 SYNERGY 2 SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS 3 GENERATION 4 ENHANCEMENT VIRTUAL SPACES BASED ON CONNECTIVITY Source : Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1 2 3 4 9. ANALYSIS ICT stimulates physical movements
ICT stimulates generation of new spaces Virtual connectivity widens network increasing travel for business, leisure etc This creates new requirement of infrasturre like transportation, work places, business parks, hospitality etc World Map 3 ICT generates new forms & spaces ICT ICT Economies ICT Workplaces ICT Infrastructure ICT Oriented Spaces Telegraph and later the Telephone separated offices from factories resulting in concentration of offices (Brotchie, 1985) This created concentrated CDB’s in city centre and shifted Factories in sub urban areas URBAN PLACES BASED ON BUILT FORM 1 SYNERGY 2 SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS 3 GENERATION 4 ENHANCEMENT VIRTUAL SPACES BASED ON CONNECTIVITY Source : Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS ICT increases attractiveness, efficiency & capacity of the city Growing city provides scope for innovations in ICT for providing various services and improving experience. Various Apps, Software, Websites adds additional layer of real time information and interaction to the existing city Google Maps Maps & Information GPRS Location based services Blogs City Information Social Networking Networking, Public Participation City App City Info, Maps, Mobility & Places Mobility Apps Mobility information Websites, Apps E Governance Telecommunication Urban Services URBAN PLACES BASED ON BUILT FORM 1 SYNERGY 2 SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS 3 GENERATION 4 ENHANCEMENT VIRTUAL SPACES BASED ON CONNECTIVITY Source : Stephen Graham,, Simon Marvin, Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS NEW ECONOMY & URBAN FABRIC
ICT is a key driver of the service sector Source : : Stephen Graham, Service sector in India, Arpita Mukherji VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

Employment figures in India
9. ANALYSIS NEW ECONOMY & URBAN FABRIC Percentage share in employment in India Employment figures in India Performance in service sector global comparison ICT drives economy Source : : Stephen Graham, Service sector in India, Arpita Mukherji VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS 1 2 3 NEW ECONOMY & URBAN FABRIC ICT MIXED LAND USE
MULTIFUNCTIONAL BUILDINGS MULTINUCLEI CITY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CITY CENTRE Late Industrial age Information age Large segregated zones in Industrial Age Finer grained mixed land use in Information Age With ICT use, service sector can stay connected to market, clients and each other reducing dependency of central location in city creating multinuclear economic activities and a multinuclear city Contemporary multifunctional buildings - An impact of non air & noise polluting service sector ICT based Services sector are non air and noise polluting (unlike industries) hence they can locate in residential zones. Source : : Stephen Graham, Service sector in India, Arpita Mukherji VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS 5 4 NEW SPATIAL FORM WITH NEW ECONOMY & URBAN FABRIC
SEGREGATED PROCESSES NEW ECONOMY & URBAN FABRIC 5 4 NEW SPATIAL FORM WITH NEW ECONOMY Segregation of processes with ICT ie segregated front and back offices creating specialized process like Business process outsourcing (BPO’s), Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO’s) which require new spaces at cheaper locations and close to workers. These are located to cheaper land and workers hence they are shifted to suburbs, extended suburbs or to other developing nations. Growth of service sector and ICT fosters IT parks and It related firms as a back of developing cities economy New IT Parks and It related firms require new spaces and they impact spatial form of the city Residential Growth BPOs, KPOs & Call Centers at suburban locations (cheap land price & near worker pool) IT Parks BPOs, KPOs Separate back end processes Residential Growth Front office at prim location IT Parks / IT based firms create new Land uses and changes spatial form of the city Old large space office with combines processes at prime location New spatial form with segregated processes New spatial form with new economy Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

New processes - Back office, Call centers, BPO’s, KPO’s
9. ANALYSIS ICT WORK PLACES New processes - Back office, Call centers, BPO’s, KPO’s Mobile work, Tele housing, Public places like Airports, hotels ICT tools, ICT processes, management 1 2 3 New spaces Shrinkage / Flexible Work spaces Efficient use of space MOBILE WORK PLACES VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

Housing with developing ICT Economy
9. ANALYSIS RESIDENTIAL SPACE Service Sector is an important part of economy in the 21st century ICT is a key driver of the service sector Housing with developing ICT Economy Flexible Spaces Virtual tools ICT sector growth in cities have increased demand and quality for Residential spaces & infrastructure near by such growth nodes 1 2 Flexible Spaces 3 ICT Services enhancement Bridge buyers & Sellers Online sale of properties Information, Marketing, Comparison of properties IT Parks Residential Growth ICT (high speed internet) introduced the culture of work from home culture Home is no longer a refuge from work space BPOs, KPOs ICT impacts residential spaces creating a need for new residential planning Residential Growth VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

Increase in Tourism activity
9. ANALYSIS E TOURISM New spatial changes E Tourism Increase in Tourism activity 1 Tourism industry growth 2 Tourism related industry growth Growth of hospitality & travel business & infrastructure 3 Physical manifestation 4 Tourism related industry growth Virtual Activity Physical Space ASPECTS OF INDUSTRY Site development Marketing Operations Customer services Monitoring APPLICATIONS GIS for identification of Tourist site & destinations Advertising & Promotion Buying and management of supplies and services Management of customer relationships , booking travel, lodge etc GIS and GPS is also used for managing and monitoring tourist sites Source :Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS E TOURISM ICT has increased global tourism resulting in requirement of new spaces for infrastructure, hotel, restaurants, travel agencies, transportation services, banking etc VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS E BANKING New spatial changes E Banking Atms 1
Smaller ATMS at prime locations 2 Back Office requirement 3 Shrinked / few branch offices at cheaper locations Physical manifestation Bank branches at cheaper locations & smaller sizes Virtual Activity Physical Space Cost per transition (2013) Brank – Rs 50 Atm – Rs 18-20 Atms at prime location Bank branches at prime location New spatial form with segregated processes E Banking evolution is creating a need for new spatial panning VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

Ware Housing, Logistic Parks
9. ANALYSIS E COMMERCE – ONLINE SHOPPING New spatial changes Online Shopping Ware Housing, Logistic Parks 1 Large Warehouses at cheaper locations 2 Logistic Parks , Banking & Call centers 3 Greater physical connectivity Physical manifestation Virtual Activity Physical Space Shops at prime location ( high land valve) offering selected products Flipkart has warehouses at Andheri Sepz & Bhiwandi Traditional City Ware houses at city outskirts with good connectivity Demand for logistic park at suburbs with good connectivity 1.60 B USD B USD (2012) (2016) Contemporary City E Commerce in India is growing at a fast rate due to increased penetration & Smartphone's, which will have its impacts on spatial planning Source :Mitchells, India’s trends in e – commerce, Forester VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS SOCIAL NETWORKS & PUBLIC SPACES Independent activity
Locality based Time bound Multitask activity Virtual connectivity based Time less Multitask activity, Mobile work feasible Time less Temples, Tea Stalls, Chawks, etc Social Networks Cafes, Malls, Food Courts New Spatial requirements Traditional Social Place Social Media, Networking, Blogs, Apps, etc Contemporary Social Place Physical manifestation Private places Temple Tea Stall Cafes Malls Public spaces change due to 1. Access to better information 2. Multitask Response 3. Better security ICT has influence social behavior and our choice of public spaces VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS EDUCATION, INFORMATION & KNOWLEDGE New Spatial
requirements E Learning anywhere& anytime 1 Informal learning spaces 2 New requirements for digital learning 3 Liberal / Creative art Physical manifestation Virtual Activity Physical Space E Learning is creating a need for new flexible spaces Source : Future of e learning report VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS CITY ICT ROLE SPATIAL IMPACTS
Information Rich & Information Poor Gated Community Social Disparity Information access opportunity Gated communities, Exclusion on appearance, Privacy issues, segregated spaces for specific users Surveillance, Information, Entry controlled, etc Urban Security & Privacy Innovations & Entrepreneurship Innovations in products & process Entrepreneurship Increased display space over stocking space Multitask & Flexible Spaces(Eq. spaces within transport infrastructures, Airports, Railways stations, trains etc} Dead time conversion Connectivity & Entertainment Environment Climate Change Disaster management Adaptation, Mitigation & Smart Systems New space & location requirements {Small offices, mixed used spaces} Enhanced entertainment Convenience to time & space Entertainment Multifunctional spaces Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

9. ANALYSIS CITY ICT ROLE SPATIAL IMPACTS E Governance Urban Services
Improved services Infrastructure improvement Health Care Lifestyle Awareness, ICT tools, E Health Less physical activities New spaces for recreation & physical activities Improved flow of goods on demand New space & location requirements {Small offices, mixed used spaces} Retail Industries New ICT based process & Tools Efficient use of spaces New space & location requirements {Small offices, mixed used spaces} Adaptation, Mitigation & Smart Systems Open Spaces Real time Data collection, Visualization, Analysis, Design Planning & improving quality of life in cities Visualization & Tools Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

1 2 3 4 URBAN SPATIAL FORM 9. ANALYSIS ICT INFLUENCES ICT AS ECONOMY
ICT AS INFRASTRUCTURE 3 ICT AS DRIVER OF ECONOMY 4 ICT FOR PUBLIC SERVICES ICT BASED SERVICE ECONOMY ENERGY WATER BUILDINGS TRANSPORT WASTE DATA & TELECOMMUNICATION URBAN SPATIAL FORM E-TOURISM E-BANKING E-COMMERCE ICT BASED INDUSTRIES INNOVATION RECREATION HEALTH CARE EDUCATION SECURITY ENVIRONMENT Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
10. INFERENCE INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1 2 3 4 VIRTUAL SPACES ECONOMY LIFESTYLE & CULTURE INNOVATIONS URBAN SPATIAL FORM 5 Mobile 6 Virtual manifestations Substituted virtual space 8 Inter connected spaces 1 Mixed use 2 Multifunctional 3 Efficient 4 Flexible Nature of New Spaces Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

FUTURE STUDY The study started with understanding impacts of ICT in spatial planning but it has got various direct and indirect impacts & linkages with spatial & non spatial entities of urbanity Hence proposal does not look into spatial planning project but illustrates the need of further study on specific areas of urban planning Source : Author VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

11. FUTURE STUDY NETWORK READINESS INDEX (NRI)
The World Economic Forum's Networked Readiness Index (NRI) measures the propensity for countries to exploit the opportunities offered by information and communications technology (ICT). The NRI is a composite of three components The environment for ICT offered by a given country or community (market, political, regulatory, and infrastructure environment) The readiness of the country's key stakeholders (individuals, businesses, and governments) to use ICT, The usage of ICT among these stakeholders. NET WORK READINESS INDEX MAP 2013 COUNTRY SCORE RANK 2013 (OUT OF 144) RANK 2012 (OUT OF 142) FINLAND SINGAPORE CHINA INDIA Source : World Economic Forum 2013 VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

How do we plan these new spaces ?
11. FUTURE STUDY WI FI & CHANGING WORK SPACES The rise of smart phones and WiFi mean we can now work from anywhere. Should that turn the entire built environment into an Office? How the Decline of the Traditional Workplace Is Changing Our Cities ? How do we plan these new spaces ? Technology enables people to change where they work and how they use time: The environment around us needs to respond, too. Blurred boundaries between work & home Home & Work Space 1 Multitask spaces Public,& Open space 2 Mobile Workspaces What happens when more people start to work outside of offices, or really anywhere – at all times? WI FI 10 to 6 work Layers in to out – cubicle, office, commercial building, CBD VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

11. FUTURE STUDY Our built environment has been designed to accommodate the ways that people worked, lived & moved around 20 or 50 years ago. So now what happens when our behavior changes, when the ways that people need to use space across cities no longer matches some of the ways we've built them? Technology enables people to change where they work and how they use time The environment around us needs to respond, too. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

11. FUTURE STUDY Elements of society Further Study Need for study
Land use Mixed Land Use – what should be the % of mixed use , what could be the % of mixed functions in a structure. Non polluting service sector growth & its dependence on virtual connectivity rather that physical ones Mobility Less physical travel? Planning for flexible efficient spaces eg vehicles, stations etc Virtual travel preferred to physical travel, dead travel time as work or leisure time Economy ICT Parks, BPO’s, KPO’s & other ICT related developments Growth of ICT based service industries Workspaces Death of traditional offices Entire built environment as offices What could be the work spaces of future Flexible workspaces, Mobile work, growth of knowledge workers Living Home – Office Apartments Pre industrial Work follows home, blurred boundaries between home & work VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

11. FUTURE STUDY Elements of society Further Study Need for study
Banking Growth of Atms, Shrinkages and steep decline in bank branches Growth of Embanking & E Money Retail Logistic Parks & Ware housing Growth of E Commerce Public Spaces / Open Spaces Public spaces as flexible work , leisure entertainment spaces Planning for intersections, design of roads Place making for community ownership Flexible places, Privatization of public spaces, pedestrians spend more time watching on mobile screens than the environment around them Infrastructure Smart Infrastructure Services Growth in various apps and its incorporation in service provision Social Networking Virtual spaces as Social Places Growth of social networking, hobby based communities non dependents on physical proximity. Poverty Access to information & economy, creating physical spaces with virtual connectivity VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

12. BIBLOGRAPHY VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE Published
Alexander G. Flor (2009), Developing Societies in the Information Age:A Critical Perspective (Philippines, UP Open University) Ana María Fernández-Maldonado (2005) ICT infrastructure ()41st ISoCaRP Congress 2005 Bell, D. (1974) The coming of post-industrial society. (London, Heinemann) Castells, M.(1996/2002) ‘The Information Age’. (Cornwall, Blackwell.T.J.Ltd) Castells, M. (2001) The Internet Galaxy. (Oxford, University Press). Da-Mi Maeng, Zorica Nedović-Budić (2004) Urban form and planning in the information age: lessons from literature Graham, S.,& Marvin, S. (2001) Splintering urbanism.( London, Routledge). Graham, S.,& Marvin, S. (1996) Telecommunications and the City .( London, Routledge). Graham, S., & Marvin, S.(2000) ‘Urban planning and the technological future of cities’. (New York, Routledge). Ivonne Audirac (2005), Information technology and urban form:challenges to smart growth. (International regional science review) Incorporating the Impact of ICT into Urban and Regional Planning (European Journal of Spatial Development Refereed Articles Sep no 10) Kimson Kimathi, Impact of ICT in education, entertainment, development, governance/politics & industry, (KCA University) Kotkin, J. (2000) The New Geography. How the Digital Revolution is Reshaping the American Landscape. (New York, Random House). VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

12. BIBLOGRAPHY VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE
Kotkin, J., & DeVol, R.C.(2001) Knowledge-Value Cities in the Digital Age. (Santa Monica, Milken Institute). Masuda, Y. (1981) The information society as Post-industrial society. (USA, World Future Society). Mitchell, W.J.(1998) City of Bits: Space, place and the infobahn. (Cambridge,MA, The MIT Press) Mitchell, W.J. (1999) e-topia. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press. Moss, M.L., & Townsend, A.M.(2000). ‘How Telecommunications Systems are Transforming Urban Spaces’. New York, Routledge). Narushige Shiode (2000), Urban Planning, Information Technology, and Cyberspace (Journal of Urban Technology, Volume 7, The Society of Urban Technology.) Otto Raspe, Frank van Oort (2004) ICT loves agglomeration: the urban impact of ICT in the Netherlands(ERSA Congress University of Porto) Pelton, J. N. (1992) Future View. Communications, Technology and Society in the 21st Century, Johnson Printing. Pelton, J.N. (2004) ‘The Rise of Telecities’. USA, World Future Society. Scott McQuire, (2008) The Media City (SAGE Publications ) Tim Dixon, Bob Thompson, Patrick McAllister, Andrew Marston, Jon Snow, Real Estate and the New Economy , (Blackwell Publishing Ltd) Toffler, A. (1981) The Third Wave. (London: Pan.) VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

12. BIBLOGRAPHY VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE Reports
Digital Business Transformation: The Disruption Of Industry Logics 19, Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 2014 Industry transformation in the Networked Society. Ericsson AB 2013 ICT & The City (Vol. 12 (03/2010), International Review of Information Ethics ICT and e-Business Impact in the Banking Industry, 2008 European Commission, DG Enterprise & Industry ICT and Regional Economic Dynamics:A Literature Revive, European Commission Joint Research Center Institute for Prospective Technological Studies ICT's Role in Promoting Sustainable Urban Lifestyle, KTH, Department of Urban Planning and Environment Division of Urban and Regional Studies Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan ICT for Greater Development Impact, World Bank Group Strategy for Information and Communication Technology Networked society essentials, Ericsson AB 2013 Some Thoughts on How ICTs Could Really Change the World, John Gag, Sun Microsystem SMART CITIES STUDY:International study on the situation of ICT, innovation andKnowledge in cities, The Committee of Digital and Knowledge based Cities of UCL, Chaired by Iñaki Azkuna, Mayor of the City of Bilbao Bilbao, 2012 The impact of datafication on strategic landscapes, Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 2014 The Linked World How ICT Is Transforming Societies, Cultures, and Economies, The Conference Board, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Economic Growth and Development, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

12. BIBLOGRAPHY VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE Articles
Alawode, Ademola John and Emmanuel Uche Kaka, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND BANKING INDUSTRY (Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria) Growth of ATM Industry in India (2013), CSI Communications ICT for Economic Growth: A Dynamic Ecosystem Driving The Global Recovery, Information and Communication Technologies : Hope and Concern for the Future, UNESCO WebWorld News | Point of View Impact of Information and communication Technology (ICT) on human Socio-Economic Development, ICT infrastructure as key enabler of Smart Cities, ICT and Tourism: Challenges and Opportunities, Deepthi Shanker ICTs in urban space and planning, Sirkku Wallin(2012), YTK Department of Surveying and PlanningAalto University Regional development and the new economy, Online Shopping Fuels Demand for Global Warehouses, commercial-news Paul Budde (2014) Smart cities of tomorrow ( Cities for smart environment & energy future) Services Sector in India: Trends, Issues and Way Forward, Arpita Mukherjee VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

12. BIBLOGRAPHY VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE
The relation between ICT and space, Els Gepts The positive and negative impacts of ICT, The Role of ICT in Building Smart Cities - Infrastructure, THEN Smartphones NOW Smart Cities, The growing impact of ICT onglobalisation - timesofmalta.com Websites en.wikipedia.org Google Inc. VIRTUAL LANDSCAPE & URBAN EXPERIENCE ASHISH KRISHNA RAUT I MURP

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