1. Wise Buying of Motor Vehicles and Other Purchases Chapter 6

2. Consumer Buying Activities Practical Purchasing Strategies – Timing Purchases – Store Selection – Brand Comparison National Store Private Label – Label Information – Price Comparison Store convenience = higher prices Ready-to-use = higher prices Compare unit pricing “sale” may not mean saving money

3. Warranties Warranty—written guarantee from the manufacturer or distributor that specifies the conditions under which the products can be returned, replaced, or repaired

4. Warranties – Express warranty—created by the seller or manufacturer and has two forms: the full warranty and the limited warranty – Full warranty—states that a defective product can be fixed or replaced during a reasonable amount of time – Limited warranty—covers only certain aspects of the product, such as parts, or requires the buyer to incur part of the costs for shipping or repairs – Implied warranty—covers a product’s intended use or other basic understandings that are not in writing

5. Warranties Used Car Warranties – FTC requires used cars to have a buyer’s guide sticker telling whether the vehicle comes with a warranty and, if so, what protection the dealer will provide – If no warranty, car is sold “as is” and dealer accepts no responsibility for any repairs – FTC used car regulations do not apply to vehicles purchased from private owners

6. Warranties New Car Warranties – Provide buyers with an assurance of quality – Vary in time, mileage, and parts covered – Main conditions: Coverage of basic parts against defects Power train coverage for the engine, transmission, and drive train Corrosion warranty, which usually applies to only holes due to rust, not to surface rust Statement regarding whether the warranty is transferrable to other owners Deductible information—set amount you must pay before repairs are covered by the warranty

7. Warranties Service Contracts – An agreement between a business and a consumer to cover the repair costs of a product – For a fee, they insure the buyer against losses due to the cost of certain repairs – Automotive service contracts can cover repairs not included in the manufacturer’s warranty Can range in price from $400-$1000 Do not always include everything you might expect May not be a wise financial decision because of costs and exclusions

8. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 1—Preshopping Activities – Problem identification Do you need a car or do you need transportation? – Information Gathering Information is power The better informed you are the better buying decisions you will make Information sources: – Personal contacts – Business organizations – Media information – Independent testing organizations – Government agencies – Online sources

9. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 2 – Evaluating Alternatives – Selecting vehicle options Mechanical devices to improve performance – Larger engine – Transmission – Power steering, power brakes, cruise control Convenience option – Power seats, power locks – Air conditioning – Stereo systems – Rear window defoggers Aesthetic features – Metallic paint – Special trim – upholstery

10. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 2 – Evaluating Alternatives – Comparing Used Vehicles CPO (certified pre-owned vehicles)—nearly new cars that come with the manufacture’s guarantee of quality Sources: – New car dealers – Used car dealers – Individuals – Auctions – Used car superstores (CarMax)

11. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 2 – Evaluating Alternatives – Leasing Contractual agreement with monthly payments for the use of an automobile over a set time period, typically 3, 4, or 5 years Advantages: – Only a small outflow of cash for security deposit – Monthly lease payments are usually lower – Agreement provides detailed records for business purposes – Usually able to obtain a more expensive vehicle Disadvantages – No ownership interest in the vehicle – Must meet requirements similar to qualifying for credit – Additional costs may be incurred for extra mileage, certain repairs, turning the car in early, or even a move to another state

12. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 3 – Determining Purchase Price – Used car price negotiation Determine fair price – Kelley blue book value – Edmund’s used car prices Factors that influence price: – Miles – Features/options – Conditions

13. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 3 – Determining Purchase Price – Price bargaining for a new car Sticker price—suggested retail price – Base price plus costs of added features Invoice price—dealer’s cost Difference between sticker and invoice is available for negotiation Information available: – Edmund’s new car prices – Consumer Reports

14. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 4 – Post-purchase Activities – Maintenance and Ownership Costs Fixed costs: depreciation, interest on loan, insurance, license, registration, taxes, fees Variable costs: gasoline and oil, tires, maintenance and repairs, parking and tolls Maximize vehicle life by: – Regular maintenance (tune-ups) and oil changes

15. Buying Motor Vehicles Phase 4 – Post-purchase Activities – Automobile Servicing Sources Car dealers Service stations Independent auto repair shops Mass merchandise retailers – Sears, Wal-Mart, BJ’s Specialty shops **remember to deal with reputable auto service businesses**

16. Resolving Consumer Complaints Step 1 – Return to Place of Purchase – Avoid yelling, threatening, or demanding unreasonable action Step 2 – Contact Company Headquarters – Use a letter or email

17. Resolving Consumer Complaints Step 3 – Obtain Consumer Agency Assistance – Mediation: involves the use of a third party Not binding – Arbitration: settlement of a difference by a third party Binding agreement Step 4 – Take Legal Action – Consider various legal alternatives to resolve problem

18. Legal Options for Consumers Small Claims Court – Claims involving amounts below a set dollar amount (usually between $1,500 and $3,000) – Suggestions Become familiar with court procedures and filing fees Observe other cases to learn about the process Present your case in a calm, polite, concise manner Submit evidence such as photographs, contracts, receipts, and other documents Use witnesses who can testify on your behalf

19. Legal Options for Consumers Class-Action Suits – Legal action taken by a few individuals on behalf of all people who have suffered the same alleged injustice – Represented by one or more lawyers – All affected parties must be notified Using a Lawyer Legal Aid Society – Provide legal assistance to people who cannot afford their own attorney