1. DO NOW Journal Prompt:

2. YET

3. OBJECTIVE SWBAT explain how plate tectonics impacts the lithosphere

4. TODAY’S EXIT TICKET 1. Which type of plate boundary is located at mid-ocean ridges? 2. The San Andreas fault was produced by an earthquake and extends over 800 miles. What plate boundary formed this fault? (A) divergent plate boundary, due to the plates separating apart (B) transform fault boundary, due to the plates colliding together (C) convergent plate boundary, due to the plates colliding together (D) transform fault boundary, due to the plates sliding against one another 3.What causes plates to move? 4. Describe the type of boundary that Is being used in this figure.

5. AGENDA Warm-Up YET Objective TET Pangea Gallery Crawl/Stations for notes Exit Ticket

6. INPUT: TRUE/FALSE? 1. The lithosphere is a layer of the Earth. 2. There are two types of plate boundaries: Convergent and Divergent 3. The lithosphere has a soft shell. 4. Convergent plates are when plates come together. 5. The earths continents have always stayed the same. 6. Oceanic ridge and seafloor spreading are a type of divergent boundaries. 7. The Andes mountains are a type of continental rift 8. Transform fault boundaries destroy the lithosphere 9. The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth 10. Oceanic continental is a type of divergent boundaries

7. TRUE/FALSE? 1. The lithosphere is a layer of the Earth. TRUE 2. There are two types of plate boundaries: Convergent and Divergent FALSE 3. The lithosphere has a soft shell. FALSE 4. Convergent plates are when plates come together. TRUE 5. The earths continents have always stayed the same. FALSE 6. Oceanic ridge and seafloor spreading are a type of divergent boundaries. TRUE 7. The Andes mountains are a type of continental rift FALSE 8. Transform fault boundaries destroy the lithosphere FALSE 9. The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth TRUE 10. Oceanic continental is a type of divergent boundaries FALSE

8. LAYERS OF THE EARTH The Earth can be divided into layers based on physical properties—the lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core, and inner core

9. THE LITHOSPHERE Earth’s outermost layer of the crust and uppermost mantle and forms a relatively cool rigid shell called the lithosphere.

10. THE BEGINNING Most people thought that the continents had always been and would always be in the same place

11. A PUZZLE? But some people noticed that the continents fit together somewhat like a jigsaw puzzle

12. TRY THIS PUZZLE FOR FUN…. Click on Continents map below and you will be taken to the JigZone site. Choose the continents map when the page opens and then see how quickly you can solve the puzzle. Continents map

13. LOOK AT THE WESTERN SIDE OF AFRICA AND THE EASTERN SIDE OF SOUTH AMERICA

14. IF YOU TURN SOUTH AMERICA, AND THEN SLIDE IT OVER It fits right in….

15. SOME EARLY IDEAS In 1858, an American, A. Snider published an article on the origin of the Americas He thought that South America and Africa were once together Snider proposed that a huge volcanic event caused the landmass to split

16. HALF A CENTURY LATER… THIS IDEA CONTINUED AS CONTINENTAL DRIFT In 1910, an American, F.B. Taylor, discussed the origin of mountains He explained that continental movements that ended in collisions would cause the formation of mountains

17. MORE SCIENTISTS JOINED IN… German scientist, Alfred Wegener published The Origin of Continents and Oceans He proposed that the continents had once been joined together in a supercontinent he called Pangaea The continents then pulled apart through a mechanism called continental drift

18. WHAT ’ S IN A NAME? The word Pangea, or Pangaea, is Greek for “ all land ” Why do you think he chose this name for the supercontinent? What would you name it? Why?

19. Most of his colleagues didn ’ t agree with him He couldn ’ t explain why the continents did not seem to be moving now He couldn ’ t explain how such huge landmasses moved

20. WEGENER ’ S EVIDENCE The same fossils were found in Africa and South America directly across the ocean from each other These species could not have crossed between the continents by swimming

21. MORE EVIDENCE FINALLY CAME This idea of continental drift was not really excepted until the 1960 ’ s Scientists found evidence that the sea floor was spreading

22. SO…WHAT HAPPENED TO PANGAEA? About 200 million years ago Pangaea existed Dinosaurs roamed all over the land Tethys Sea

23. About 180 million years ago, rifting along an ancient body of water called Tethys Sea broke the supercontinent into a northern land mass called Laurasia and a southern land mass called Gondwanaland Tethys Sea

24. MORE SPLITTING… Then plate movements split Laurasia into North America, Europe, and Asia And Gondwanaland split into South America, Africa, peninsular India and later Australia and Antarctica This also formed the Atlantic Ocean

25. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY Not as simple as core, mantle, & crust Remember, there is a A solid inner core composed mainly of iron alloy An outer core that is hot, liquid, iron A solid mantle that is so hot that all but the uppermost portion of it flows An outer crust which is solid

26. THE BROKEN PIECES OF THE LITHOSPHERE The lithosphere is divided into several very large plates which can be divided into smaller plates

27. BOUNDARIES – WHERE THE PLATES MEET Divergent, Mid-Atlantic Ridge Convergent, mountain building Subduction Zones Transform Faults San Andreas Fault, lots of earthquakes

28. OUR PLATES ARE STILL MOVING… Where do you think we will be in 100 million more years? 650 million years in 1:20 https://vimeo.com/106478759

29. GALLERY WALK Use your graphic organizer to take notes at each station.

30. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting   RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR SPREADING

31. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Two Types: 1. Oceanic Ridges and Seafloor Spreading 2. Continental Rifts

32. OCEANIC RIDGES AND SEAFLOOR SPREADING Seafloor spreading is the process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere Example: East African Rift valleys

33. CONTINENTAL RIFTS When spreading centers develop within a continent, the landmass may split into two or more smaller segments Examples: Mount Kilimanjaro,Mount Kenya

34. TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARIES Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other EARTHQUAKES along faults Ex. San Andreas Fault, California

36. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES Boundaries between two plates that are colliding   Three types: 1. Oceanic-Continental 2. Oceanic-Oceanic 3. Continental-Continental

37. OCEANIC- CONTINENTAL Ocean plate colliding with a less dense continental plate Subduction Zone: where the less dense plate slides under the more dense plate VOLCANOES occur at subduction zones Example: Volcanoes of the Andes

39. OCEANIC-OCEANIC Ocean plate colliding with another ocean plate The less dense plate slides under the more dense plate creating a subduction zone called a TRENCH Example: The Aleutian Islands off the shore of Alaska

41. CONTINENTAL- CONTINENTAL A continental plate colliding with another continental plate Have Collision Zones: a place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form. Example: India ramming into Asia, producing the Himalayas

44. TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARIES Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other EARTHQUAKES along faults Ex. San Andreas Fault, California

46. CAUSES OF PLATE TECTONICS Mantle convection Ridge push Slab pull

47. MANTLE CONVECTION CURRENTS Hot magma in the Earth moves toward the surface, cools, then sinks again. Creates convection currents beneath the plates that cause the plates to move.

48. RIDGE PUSH The oceanic lithosphere slides down the sides of the oceanic ridge The downward slide is a result of gravity

49. SLAB PULL Old oceanic crust, which is cool & dense, sinks into the asthenosphere and “pulls” the rest of the lithosphere down with it

51. EXIT TICKET 1. Which type of plate boundary is located at mid-ocean ridges? 2. The San Andreas fault was produced by an earthquake and extends over 800 miles. What plate boundary formed this fault? (A) divergent plate boundary, due to the plates separating apart (B) transform fault boundary, due to the plates colliding together (C) convergent plate boundary, due to the plates colliding together (D) transform fault boundary, due to the plates sliding against one another 3.What causes plates to move? 4. Describe the type of boundary that Is being used in this figure.