2. KICK OFF OF KCLAM Presented by Dr. Kap Lee University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND USA

3. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Kap J. Lee DVM. MS. DACLAM Diplomate, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine 1976.Diplomate, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine 1976. Professor & Director,Professor & Director, Center for Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

4. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Laboratory Animal History l300 BC “vivisection” l1500-1700 physiology studies using live animals l1879: D.E. Salmon, first vet (Salmonella) l1915: S.D. Brimhall, VMD employed at Mayo Clinic

5. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences History of Laboratory Animal Medicine - USA In 1945 NIH initiated a massive expansion of biomedical researchIn 1945 NIH initiated a massive expansion of biomedical research In 1950 Animal Care Panel (ALAS) formed -Developed the first standards for animal care and useIn 1950 Animal Care Panel (ALAS) formed -Developed the first standards for animal care and use In 1957 the AVMA recognized ACLAMIn 1957 the AVMA recognized ACLAM

6. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Species Involved lMice: TRANSGENICS lRats lRabbits lHamsters, guinea pigs, other rodents lDogs, cats, ferrets lPigs, sheep, cattle (calves) lFish (Medaka, zebrafish) lAmphibians (Xenopus) lNon-human primates

7. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences A lot like private practice? Animal care and diagnosticsAnimal care and diagnostics Individual care and herd healthIndividual care and herd health Clientele - pet owner vs. scientistClientele - pet owner vs. scientist

8. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History The complete history of the college is not known.The complete history of the college is not known. American board of Laboratory animal Medicine was changed to American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.American board of Laboratory animal Medicine was changed to American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. The concept of the board was encouraged in the meeting in Atlantic city in 1948 or 1949.The concept of the board was encouraged in the meeting in Atlantic city in 1948 or 1949.

9. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued History of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.History of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. On Tuesday, November 28, 1950 Animal Care Panel (ACP) was born-Dora Hall of the University of Chicago – 75 people were attended.On Tuesday, November 28, 1950 Animal Care Panel (ACP) was born-Dora Hall of the University of Chicago – 75 people were attended. The ACP name was changed to American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS).The ACP name was changed to American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS).

10. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued The first exhibit on the subject of laboratory animal medicine was presented at the meetings in Boston in 1946-Gastrointestinal surgery.The first exhibit on the subject of laboratory animal medicine was presented at the meetings in Boston in 1946-Gastrointestinal surgery. The second presentation-1947 in Cincinnati – problems in bronchoscopy – Art work by Dr. Robert Litt.The second presentation-1947 in Cincinnati – problems in bronchoscopy – Art work by Dr. Robert Litt.

11. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued These exhibits were a medium for visits with such men – Dr. Charles A Griffin of the NY State Dept. of Public Health and Dr. Benjamin D. Fremming at the U of Texas.These exhibits were a medium for visits with such men – Dr. Charles A Griffin of the NY State Dept. of Public Health and Dr. Benjamin D. Fremming at the U of Texas. The visit gave recognition and encouragement to the development of this important new area of work.The visit gave recognition and encouragement to the development of this important new area of work.

12. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued In 1947 Dr. Robert Litt was named head of the experimental surgical facilities at U of Illinois Medical School.In 1947 Dr. Robert Litt was named head of the experimental surgical facilities at U of Illinois Medical School. 1948 Spring-meeting of researchers, Lab. Techs. Veterinarians and supervisors of animal quarters in the Chicago area was held at the U of Illinois.1948 Spring-meeting of researchers, Lab. Techs. Veterinarians and supervisors of animal quarters in the Chicago area was held at the U of Illinois. Problems related to the care and management of Lab animals were discussed. Highlight of the meeting was a demonstration on intestinal anastomosis of dog by Dr. Litt – followed by discussions of Pre- and Post- operative management.Problems related to the care and management of Lab animals were discussed. Highlight of the meeting was a demonstration on intestinal anastomosis of dog by Dr. Litt – followed by discussions of Pre- and Post- operative management.

13. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued 1948 - Dr. Robert J Flynn, author of Parasites of Lab Animals, named as the supervisor of the Argonne Nation Laboratory Animal Facilities.1948 - Dr. Robert J Flynn, author of Parasites of Lab Animals, named as the supervisor of the Argonne Nation Laboratory Animal Facilities. 1949 - Dr. William F. Schroader became the 5 th Chicago institution to add a veterinarian to its staff to direct the management of animal facilities.1949 - Dr. William F. Schroader became the 5 th Chicago institution to add a veterinarian to its staff to direct the management of animal facilities. Dr. Lester Fisher, now Director of Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens.Dr. Lester Fisher, now Director of Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens. Dr. Arthur Rosenberg – Northwestern UniversityDr. Arthur Rosenberg – Northwestern University Bennett J. Cohn – July 1049.Bennett J. Cohn – July 1049.

14. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued These institutions apparently believed that a veterinarian, because of his knowledge of the husbandry and diseases of domestic animals and pets and his interest in the well-being of animals, would be the best qualified for these appointments.These institutions apparently believed that a veterinarian, because of his knowledge of the husbandry and diseases of domestic animals and pets and his interest in the well-being of animals, would be the best qualified for these appointments. These 5 Chicago institutions, in the realization that animal facilities were becoming increasingly the responsibility of each institution rather than of each researcher, made professional appointments to cope with that responsibility.These 5 Chicago institutions, in the realization that animal facilities were becoming increasingly the responsibility of each institution rather than of each researcher, made professional appointments to cope with that responsibility.

15. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued Starting in the fall of 1949 Drs. Bond, Brew, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder met once a month to discuss animal care problems.Starting in the fall of 1949 Drs. Bond, Brew, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder met once a month to discuss animal care problems. Additional meetings were held on special occasions, such as when the late Dr. Carl Schlotthauer of the Mayo Foundation or Dr. W.T. S. Thorp, then Chief of the Laboratory Aids Branch of the National Institute of Health, came to Chicago.Additional meetings were held on special occasions, such as when the late Dr. Carl Schlotthauer of the Mayo Foundation or Dr. W.T. S. Thorp, then Chief of the Laboratory Aids Branch of the National Institute of Health, came to Chicago.

16. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued All of these men recognized the need for more information about their work.All of these men recognized the need for more information about their work. There were large areas where no information was available or where it was scattered and diffused.There were large areas where no information was available or where it was scattered and diffused. For this reasons, it was believed that other institutions and individuals would be interested in meeting to exchange information pertaining to the care of laboratory animals.For this reasons, it was believed that other institutions and individuals would be interested in meeting to exchange information pertaining to the care of laboratory animals.

17. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued There a Forum was planned – a panel – to bring together interested people.There a Forum was planned – a panel – to bring together interested people. On May 1950, the first letter of announcing the formation of the panel was distributed to USA and Canada – signed by the fir Chicago veterinarians – Drs. Bond, Brewer, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder.On May 1950, the first letter of announcing the formation of the panel was distributed to USA and Canada – signed by the fir Chicago veterinarians – Drs. Bond, Brewer, Cohn, Flynn and Schroeder.

18. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History continued June 23, 1951 – Ambassador Hotel, Atlantic City.June 23, 1951 – Ambassador Hotel, Atlantic City. November 29-30, 1951 – Northwestern University, Thorne Hall.November 29-30, 1951 – Northwestern University, Thorne Hall. Copies of this lists were being sent to each veterinarian on the list, the deans of Veterinary Schools and to the AVMA office.Copies of this lists were being sent to each veterinarian on the list, the deans of Veterinary Schools and to the AVMA office. Veterinarians wishing to be added to this list should communicate with Dr. W.T.S.Thorp, NIH, Bethesda 14, Maryland.Veterinarians wishing to be added to this list should communicate with Dr. W.T.S.Thorp, NIH, Bethesda 14, Maryland.

19. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued There is some mixing of the origin of the Animal Care Panel (now AALAS) and ACLAM but many of the same people were involved in the genesis of both organizations that cane into being at about the same time so it is included. ACLAM was an outgrowth of the ACP.There is some mixing of the origin of the Animal Care Panel (now AALAS) and ACLAM but many of the same people were involved in the genesis of both organizations that cane into being at about the same time so it is included. ACLAM was an outgrowth of the ACP.

20. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued On February 18, 1957 the American Board of Laboratory Animal Medicine was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois as a not- for-profit organization.On February 18, 1957 the American Board of Laboratory Animal Medicine was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois as a not- for-profit organization. The name of the organization was changed to the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on August 24, 1961. The term “Fellow” was replaced by “Diplomate”.The name of the organization was changed to the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on August 24, 1961. The term “Fellow” was replaced by “Diplomate”. The first official documents of the organization are from 1958.The first official documents of the organization are from 1958.

21. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued There are a few letters that are pre-dated. One such letter is from Bob Flynn to Jules Cass dated Aug. 10, 1955 addressing Jules’ proposed question to be discussed at Veterinary Care of Laboratory Animal Committee.There are a few letters that are pre-dated. One such letter is from Bob Flynn to Jules Cass dated Aug. 10, 1955 addressing Jules’ proposed question to be discussed at Veterinary Care of Laboratory Animal Committee. The question posed was, “What methods can be employed to improve the training given to veterinary students in the care of laboratory animals?”The question posed was, “What methods can be employed to improve the training given to veterinary students in the care of laboratory animals?”

22. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History continued There were three sub-questions. “Why is such training needed?” “What training is currently given?” and “What should be the future program?”There were three sub-questions. “Why is such training needed?” “What training is currently given?” and “What should be the future program?” It was not until the AVMA mandated inclusion of some laboratory animal medicine in the curriculum as one of the requirements of accreditation that virtually anything was done.It was not until the AVMA mandated inclusion of some laboratory animal medicine in the curriculum as one of the requirements of accreditation that virtually anything was done.

23. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued AVMA Committee on Care of Laboratory Animals.AVMA Committee on Care of Laboratory Animals. “This committee, recognizing that the degree of DVM is not sufficient to indicate proficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of laboratory animals, has proposed the establishment of a specialty board, Board of Veterinary Specialty in Laboratory Animal Medicine, with membership open initially to those veterinarians who have established a reputation and who have made contribution in the field of medicine. Further membership will be open to those individuals who in addition to possessing the usual moral, ethical and professional qualification, have made recognizable contributions toward improved diagnosis and control of laboratory animal disease and have an examination demonstrating their proficiency.” This is the first mention of an examination.“This committee, recognizing that the degree of DVM is not sufficient to indicate proficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of laboratory animals, has proposed the establishment of a specialty board, Board of Veterinary Specialty in Laboratory Animal Medicine, with membership open initially to those veterinarians who have established a reputation and who have made contribution in the field of medicine. Further membership will be open to those individuals who in addition to possessing the usual moral, ethical and professional qualification, have made recognizable contributions toward improved diagnosis and control of laboratory animal disease and have an examination demonstrating their proficiency.” This is the first mention of an examination.

24. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued The committee proposed that the AVMA be requested to further encourage research in the diseases of laboratory animals by setting aside one of its fellowships for that purpose.The committee proposed that the AVMA be requested to further encourage research in the diseases of laboratory animals by setting aside one of its fellowships for that purpose. At this time the American Board of Veterinary pathologist was the only veterinary specialty board.At this time the American Board of Veterinary pathologist was the only veterinary specialty board.

25. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued Pre-requisites for Board Examination:Pre-requisites for Board Examination: Be a graduate of a Veterinary School recognized by AVMA.Be a graduate of a Veterinary School recognized by AVMA. Be a member of good standing of AVMA.Be a member of good standing of AVMA. Have an MS or equivalent degree from a recognized institution and at least five (5) years of experience in laboratory animal medicine and have made a distinct contribution to the advancement of laboratory animal medicine.Have an MS or equivalent degree from a recognized institution and at least five (5) years of experience in laboratory animal medicine and have made a distinct contribution to the advancement of laboratory animal medicine.

26. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued Three (3) years of additional experience along with recognized accomplishments in laboratory animal medicine may be substituted for the advanced degree.Three (3) years of additional experience along with recognized accomplishments in laboratory animal medicine may be substituted for the advanced degree. Submit to the Council with his/hers application a written statement containing all pertinent information necessary to enable the council members to judge the suitability of the candidate’s abilities, training and experience to undertake the board examination.Submit to the Council with his/hers application a written statement containing all pertinent information necessary to enable the council members to judge the suitability of the candidate’s abilities, training and experience to undertake the board examination.

27. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM History Continued Associate Members will be notified that on or after 1966 no further Associate application will be processed and Associate Members who have not attained Diplomate status will be deleted from the rolls. Elimination of Associate Members was the stimulus behind the formation of ASLAP.Associate Members will be notified that on or after 1966 no further Associate application will be processed and Associate Members who have not attained Diplomate status will be deleted from the rolls. Elimination of Associate Members was the stimulus behind the formation of ASLAP.

28. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Lab Animal Veterinarian High salary with faster growth than other specialtiesHigh salary with faster growth than other specialties Equal pay for men and womenEqual pay for men and women Positions with responsibility and authorityPositions with responsibility and authority Widely varied job dutiesWidely varied job duties Opportunity to make positive impactOpportunity to make positive impact

29. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Diverse career opportunities Clinical Veterinary MedicineClinical Veterinary Medicine ResearchResearch Teaching and TrainingTeaching and Training Pathology and Diagnostic MedicinePathology and Diagnostic Medicine SurgerySurgery AdministrationAdministration

30. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Current Demographics of Laboratory Animal Medicine Active full-time LAM vets: <900Active full-time LAM vets: <900 Male 68%, Female 32%Male 68%, Female 32% 50:50 (Male: Female) for DVM grads of ‘80 and later50:50 (Male: Female) for DVM grads of ‘80 and later Advanced degree: 47%Advanced degree: 47% ACLAM diplomates: 74%ACLAM diplomates: 74%

31. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Employment Opportunities Employment opportunities exist in many areas:Employment opportunities exist in many areas: Academia (medical schools, universities)Academia (medical schools, universities) Industry (pharmaceutical, biotech companies)Industry (pharmaceutical, biotech companies) Federal governmentFederal government Uniformed ServicesUniformed Services Self-employment as consultantsSelf-employment as consultants

32. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences What Will I Be Paid?? l1999 salary survey mean approx 100k annually lTraineeships 25-35k lBoard eligible 55-85k lRecently board certified 60-100k lConsult fees $50-1000/hour lUniversity/Corporate benefits package

33. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences What is the Job Market? l70 jobs advertised summer (2000) lPublic, private, government, military lCompetitive market for qualified applicants l1996 Futures trends analysis: Steady state job market?

34. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences How’s the job market? Dogs & Cats Saved Veterinary Medicine after World II,Dogs & Cats Saved Veterinary Medicine after World II, Mice and Rats will save Veterinary Medicine---- Future looks brightMice and Rats will save Veterinary Medicine---- Future looks bright S. Korea ---- Future PromisingS. Korea ---- Future Promising

35. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Salaries? Starting $70,000-$92,000Starting $70,000-$92,000 Ave. in 1996 = $92,000Ave. in 1996 = $92,000 Consulting to supplementConsulting to supplement Residency SalariesResidency Salaries Start at $31,100Start at $31,100

36. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine Need You!

37. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Biomedical Research Needs You! Independent ResearchIndependent Research great research career for veterinariansgreat research career for veterinarians Collaborative ResearchCollaborative Research Improving human and animal lifeImproving human and animal life Teaching and TrainingTeaching and Training Animal CareAnimal Care Refinement of Animal ModelsRefinement of Animal Models

38. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Training Programs in Laboratory Animal Medicine Conducted at academic and research institutionsConducted at academic and research institutions 2-4 years in duration2-4 years in duration Academic degrees (MS or Ph.D.)Academic degrees (MS or Ph.D.) ACLAM recognized programsACLAM recognized programs

39. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Where are these programs?

40. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Size of program 1-2 trainees1-2 trainees 10-12 trainees10-12 trainees

41. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Support? Residency stipends-US Citizen OnlyResidency stipends-US Citizen Only NIH scale starts at $31,100NIH scale starts at $31,100 Compare with other residency stipendsCompare with other residency stipends InsuranceInsurance Travel moneyTravel money Research fundsResearch funds Loan defermentLoan deferment

42. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Work Hard!

43. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences What are the Benefits? lIntellectually stimulating lWork with interesting people lEmployee benefits lReasonable/Flexible work hours lNo Client Headaches and Less salesmanship required

44. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences What is the Downside?? lNo client/pet interaction & feedback lLess hands on clinical/surgical lPublic perception/Animal rights extremists lEuthanasia/Animal experimentation lBureaucracy/Paperwork lEgos/Politics lMost positions near large metropolitan areas

45. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine Officially AVMA recognized specialtyOfficially AVMA recognized specialty Founded in 1957 to:Founded in 1957 to: encourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicineencourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicine establish standards of training and experienceestablish standards of training and experience recognize qualified persons by certification examrecognize qualified persons by certification exam 660 current diplomates660 current diplomates

46. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine Officially AVMA recognized specialtyOfficially AVMA recognized specialty Founded in 1957 to:Founded in 1957 to: encourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicineencourage education, training and research in laboratory animal medicine establish standards of training and experienceestablish standards of training and experience recognize qualified persons by certification examrecognize qualified persons by certification exam 660 current diplomates660 current diplomates

47. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences ACLAM EXAMINATION ELIGIBILITY Complete Formal training or Residency Program Recognized by ACLAM.Complete Formal training or Residency Program Recognized by ACLAM. Six Years of Full Time ExperienceSix Years of Full Time Experience Publish a First Author Original ArticlePublish a First Author Original Article License in some CountryLicense in some Country ACLAM Practice in Licensed CountryACLAM Practice in Licensed Country

48. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Certification Examination Laboratory Animal Biology-include Anatomy, Behavior, Genetics, Physiology, Reproduction, EtcLaboratory Animal Biology-include Anatomy, Behavior, Genetics, Physiology, Reproduction, Etc Lab Animal Resources ManagementLab Animal Resources Management Lab Animal Medicine & PathologyLab Animal Medicine & Pathology Animal Experimentation-Animal Model Anesthesia, Surgery, Research Methods Etc.Animal Experimentation-Animal Model Anesthesia, Surgery, Research Methods Etc.

49. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Hershey Medical School Formal Training Program-Master in Laboratory Animal MedicineFormal Training Program-Master in Laboratory Animal Medicine Take Medical School ClassesTake Medical School Classes Take Comparative Medicine ClassesTake Comparative Medicine Classes ThesisThesis Post Doctoral Training---DVM OnlyPost Doctoral Training---DVM Only

50. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Summary Opportunity to practice high quality medicineOpportunity to practice high quality medicine Make real and substantial contributions to animal welfareMake real and substantial contributions to animal welfare Work with a variety of speciesWork with a variety of species Employed in a variety of settingsEmployed in a variety of settings ResearchResearch Good salary, benefits, vacationGood salary, benefits, vacation

51. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences My Art

52. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Three R’s Science - Replacement, Reduction,Science - Replacement, Reduction, Refinement. Refinement. Church – Revelation, Remembrance,Church – Revelation, Remembrance, Resurrection. Resurrection. Korea - Reclamation, Research,Korea - Reclamation, Research, Reputation. Reputation.

53. University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences Regulation Research Support