1. The Vehicle Industry, Regulation and Safety Philip McKenzie Australia

2. Agenda Overview Vehicle Safety Vehicle Industry Activities Driver Infrastructure Vehicle Emissions Regulation Other Influences Summary

3. Ultimate Goal of Industry and Government No Injury or Death How to Achieve? – Research – Accident Analysis – Development – Testing – Application

4. Working Together Decade of Action NTC ( National Transport Commission ) Research bodies Governments Industry Community

5. Vehicle Safety

7. Long History Haddon Matrix ( 1970 ) Basis of injury prevention Factors in crash sequence – pre crash, crash, post crash Inputs – human, vehicle/equipment, environment

8. Precrash – Haddon matrix 1 ( Human ) Information, attitudes, impairment, enforcement 2( Vehicle ) Roadworthiness, lighting, braking, speed management 3( Environment ) Road design, speed limits, pedestrian facilities

9. Crash – Haddon matrix 4( Human ) Use of restraints, impairments 5( Vehicle ) Occupant restraints, other safety devices, crash protection design 6Crash-protective roadside objects

10. Post Crash – Haddon matrix 7( Human ) First aid skills, access to medics 8(Vehicle )Ease of access, fire risk 9( Environment ) Rescue facilities, congestion

11. Basic responsibilities Human – Primary is government, secondary is vehicle manufacturers Vehicle/equipment – Primary is vehicle manufacturers, secondary is governments Environment – Primary is governments

12. Vehicle Manufacturers Activities

13. Vehicle Passive safety Energy absorbing body structure Occupant restraint Optimized body structures Seat belt P/T & F/L Side airbags Knee airbags etc…

14. Direction of passive safety Injury – Severe/fatal Less severe Occupant - Adult male Various types of occupants, child, aged, small, large Configuration – Barrier Various types of impact, PED, rollover, under/over, pole, small overlap

15. Active safety Vehicle stability Accident mitigation ABS ( Anti-lock ) Traction control Vehicle stability control Pre-crash Active safety has significant potential to reduce injuries

16. Integration of Systems + Steering Cooperative control Braking & Driving Cooperative control VSC, ABS etc TodayTomorrow Safety Increased safety

17. Technology Development Recognition – monitoring of surroundings Judgement – e.g. braking distance, use of logic Action – e.g. emergency braking assistance

18. Pre Crash Safety Active safety system to avoid collision Monitoring technology to activate pre-crash technology, e.g. cameras, radar, suspension control, collision judging computer, pre-crash seat belts, whiplash mitigation Passive safety Injury reduction if accident occurs

19. Safety Technology Direction

20. Driver

21. Least advanced Major cause Young people in low technology vehicles Education and training Law enforcement Challenge – use of engineering to negate inconsistencies

22. Infrastructure

23. Major developments and potential Interactive Intelligent Collision avoidance Separation, vehicle to vehicle and human Traffic Management, must link with Vehicle to vehicle Vehicle to driver to infrastructure Vehicle control – e.g. speed control, traffic management to reduce congestion and collision

24. Vehicle Emissions

25. Regulation driving technology Output driven – different technologies to achieve outcomes Industry goal – sustainable future

26. Vehicle Emissions International approach National All impacting factors need consistent regulation, e.g. fuels Testing regime must match real world Incentive approach Infrastructure role in reducing congestion

27. Regulation

28. Australia Mature system in Australia, long history Harmonising with UN ADR/UN ECE flexibility National approach – sometimes a challenge International gtr ( global technical regulation ). Basis of regulation with local management

29. Regulation – Challenges Regional protectiveness Regions developing at different rates One size fits all expensive National approach a must Regulation must not impede technology Must focus on outcomes, not particular technologies

30. Regulation challenges continued Mutual recognition Opens markets to competition How to pick winners Speed of introduction of regulations e.g. harmonising regulations can be a slow process

31. Regulation and the Vehicle Industry Minimum standards are required Vehicle development lead times are long Structure changes, i.e. PED are the longest Add on technologies – i.e. electronic are shorter but can have long lead time testing Harmonisation is a must or cost up significantly Mutual recognition a must or cost up Robust system for mutual recognition required

32. Other Influences

33. Other Major Influences NCAP – New Car Assessment Program Increasing influence in all areas Impacts faster than regulation – shorter lead times OH&S ( Occupational Health and Safety ) a major driving force in Australia Australasia NCAP positive approach through 5 year time frame

34. Reflections on NCAP Large versus small car – false sense of security 4 star Vs 5 star Design to meet a test or real world Diversification rather than harmonisation Complexity in multi market environment Cost Vs Benefit for consumer Decision making process Pseudo regulation

35. Summary

36. Overall perspective Regulation or NCAP collaborative approach required New technology introduction driven by industry Safety/Environment major R&D focus How to regulate for the best & most beneficial technology Time frames must be realistic

37. Summary continued Consult widely Research based advances Prove advantage Actual reduction in trauma Harmonisation Mutual recognition Steady progress – not everything at once Improve penetration of new technology – get rid of clunkers Do not price vehicles out of peoples reach – new cars with lower technology are better than old cars

38. Thank you for your attention Any Questions Email philip@rpm2604.com