1. HYDRO POWER

2. Introduction 1. – INTRODUCTION 2. – HYDRO POWER PLANTS 3. – TURBINES
4. – HYDRO POWER IN CHINA
5. – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
6. – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

3. Water resource
What is water resource
Distribution of water resource

4. Cycle of water resource

5. Condition of water resource in world

6. Introduction of Hydroelectric Power production:
The marshes that there are to construct suppose an important impact.
In the environment, marshes also have positive impact

7. Hydro Power Plants

8. Parts of a Hydroelctric Power Plant

9. Different kind of Dams:
Arch Dams
Gravity Dams
Arch-gravity Dams

10. Arch Dams
Water Forces
Weight Forces
Aldeadávila Dam (in Spain)

11. Gravity Dams
Water forces
Weight Forces
Guri Dam (in Venezuela)

12. Arch-Gravity dams
Hoover Dam (between the U.S. States of Arizona and Nevada)

13. Turbines

14. PELTON TURBINES Entrance elbow Injector Regulator Bun
Blades or spoons.

15. How works the Pelton turbine?
The Pelton turbines are used with high height jumps.
The gravitational power energy of the water dammed becomes in kinetic energy.
The injector throws the high speed water to the blades that are glued to the bun.
The water spurt transmits its kinetic energy to the bun, where it is transformed instantaneously into mechanical energy.

16. PELTON’S BLADES
The edge that divides each bucket in two symmetrical parts cuts the water spurt, sectioning it in two laminae of fluid, theoretically of identical volume. This disposition allows resisting mutually the axial pushes that are originated in the bun.

17. PELTON BUN

18. KAPLAN TURBINES
The turbines that take his name have revolutionized in these years the use of jumps of little height.
The Kaplan turbines are water reaction turbines of axial flow, with a bun that works in similar way to the helix of a boat.
The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in which the blades of the bun turn itself when it is on, adjusting automatically according the work to the conditions of optimal yield.

19. KAPLAN TURBINE

20. DERIAZ TURBINES Deriaz invented later the turbine that takes his name
This turbine is reversible
The price of the machinery is reduced using the same machine like pump and turbine.

21. DERIAZ TURBINE’S ADVANTAJES
The Deriaz turbine is like Francis turbine but with adjustable blades and has:
Working like turbine, better yield than a Francis turbine with analogous bun of stator blades
Working like pump, better yield than a turbine-pump of stator blades

22. FRANCIS TURBINES The Francis turbine is one of the reaction turbines
The radial flow causes the turn of the runner
This turbine is reversible
Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows

23. FRANCIS TURBINE

24. ELECTION OF THE TURBINES
Typical range of heads
Kaplan        2 < H < 40   (H = head in meters)
Francis         10 < H < 350
Pelton          50 < H < 1300

25. Hydropower in China

26. Hydro power in China
There are 230 hydropower station that producing electricity over 50,000KW,including 25 over 1,000,000KW and 40 over 500,000KW

27. China water resource (Three main river in China)
The total gross of water in China is 2.81 hundred millions stere. It is the sixth place in the world now.

28. Sanxia http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1709822.html?si=7
Location: Sichuan province
Sanxia is the largest project in the world. It is in the upriver of Changjiang river which form the rundle electrical station with Gezhouba electrical station in the downriver, however, there are lot of problems of emigration and environment have been broke out since this project produced
It start in 1994 years and will finished in 2009.

29. Liujiaxia Liujiaxia Location: Gansu province used from 1974
Configuration: 4 X 225 MW, 1 X 300 MW Francis

30. Hydropower

31. The most obvious impact of hydro-power
The dams effects
Flooding of vast areas of land
Dams can facilitate the development of diseases
Cumuli silt
Destructive failure

32. Flooding of vast areas of land
Flooded homeland
Immigrant
Destroyed rare ecosystems

33. Dams can facilitate the development of diseases
Reservoir
Bacteria
Fish
people

34. Cumuli silt
Reducing the amount of water which can be stored and used for electrical generation

35. Destructive failure

36. Thank you so much