1. MICROBES Chapter 11

2. Standard Course of Study  6.03: Compare the life functions of protists.  7.01: Compare and contrast microbes.  Students will be able to explain the differences between protists, bacteria, and viruses.  VOCABULARY: virus, bacteria, protist, euglena, amoeba, paramecium, volvox

3. What is a microbe?  A microbe is an organism that can only be seen with the help of a microscope.  Microbes include:  Viruses  Bacteria  Protists  Fungi

4. Protists  Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus, but cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi.  Single- or multi-celled  May move with cilia, flagella, or pseudopods.  Size: 10 micrometers to 100 meters

5. Three Types of Protists  1. Plant-like: get energy from sun  2. Animal-like: move through the environment & eat other organisms  3. Fungus-like: absorb nutrients from the environment

6. Examples of Protists  Euglena: plant-like, but can be autotroph or heterotroph  Volvox: plant-like, lives in colonies  Amoeba: animal-like, moves with pseudopods  Paramecium: animal-like, moves with cilia

7. Diagram of a Protist Nucleus Nucleolus Vacuoles Mitochondria Chloroplasts

8. Which statement best explains the movement of Euglena?  A) It expands and contracts its muscles.  B) It sways its tentacles.  C) It floats in its environment.  D) It swings its flagella.

9. How do Amoebae move?  A) They move by using cilia.  B) They move by using pseudopods.  C) They move by using a flagellum.  D) The cells move by swimming together.

10. What is one way Amoebae are different from Paramecia?  A) Amoebae move in a way different from that of Paramecia.  B) Amoebae are decomposers, but Paramecia are producers.  C) Amoebae produce their own food, but Paramecia do not.  D) Amoebae have cilia, but Paramecia do not.

11. Bacteria  Single-celled  Bacteria are prokaryotes. Their genetic material is not found in a nucleus.  Size: 1-2 micrometers  Three main shapes: spherical, rodlike, or spiral.

12. Examples of Bacteria  Cyanobacteria  E. coli  Lyme disease  Pneumonia  Syphilis  Strep throat  Anthrax  Tetanus

13. Bacteria Diagram Genetic material Ribosomes Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Flagella

14. Viruses  A virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and then reproduces inside of a living cell.  A virus may have DNA or RNA  Many shapes of viruses.  Size: 10-1,000 nanometers

15. Examples of Viruses  Ebola  HIV  Influenza (flu)  Chicken pox  Hepatitis  Rabies  Polio

16. Virus Structure  Viruses have two parts:  Genetic material (DNA or RNA)  Protein coat

17. Virus Reproduction

18. Which microorganisms are generally classified as nonliving?  A) bacteria  B) fungi  C) protists  D) viruses

19. Which would be the most complex to study due to its changing structure?  A) polio virus  B) influenza virus  C) leprosy bacteria  D) pneumonia bacteria

20. Which list of microbes is arranged in order of increasing size?  A) virus, protist, bacteria  B) virus, bacteria, protist  C) bacteria, virus, protist  D) bacteria, protist, virus

21. Which is a microbe that contains genetic material and protein and is unable to reproduce outside a living cell?  A) virus  B) fungus  C) protist  D) bacteria

22. Which structure is found only in eukaryotes?  A) nucleus  B) ribosome  C) cell wall  D) cell membrane

23. Which best describes the main structural difference between viruses and bacteria?  A) Bacteria have DNA only; viruses have a cell wall and DNA.  B) Bacteria have a cell membrane and DNA; viruses have DNA only.  C) Bacteria have a protein coat and DNA; viruses have a cell membrane and DNA.  D) Bacteria have a cell wall, DNA, cytoplasm, and ribsomes; viruses consist of a protein coat and DNA.

24. Influenza is caused by which microbe?  A) bacterium  B) fungus  C) parasite  D) virus

25. Why are viruses not considered living organisms?  A) They cannot grow.  B) They do not require oxygen.  C) They cannot reproduce on their own.  D) They do not have a semi-permeable membrane.

26. Which statement best contrasts a bacterium and a virus?  A) A bacterium can reproduce, whereas a virus will not reproduce.  B) A bacterium does not live on living things, whereas a virus does.  C) A bacterium is a one-celled living organism, whereas a virus is a nonliving organism.  D) A bacterium is a nonliving organism, whereas a virus is a one-celled living organism.

27. How does the size of bacteria compare to the size of viruses?  A) Bacteria are larger than viruses.  B) Bacteria are smaller than viruses.  C) They are both relatively the same size.  D) The size depends on the specific virus or bacteria.