1. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 1 Collaborative Open-Source Software: Panacea or Pipe Dream for Higher Education? H. David Lambert VP for Information Services and Chief Information Officer

2. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 2 The Academy’s Systems Dilemma » Higher Education is in dire need of a sustainable, affordable software model » Buy vs. Build model has failed -We’ve been unable to build our own for quite some time »Most locally built applications are being replaced -Vendors don’t meet all our requirements and force us to modify code or build workaround code

3. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 3 The Systems Dilemma » The software market is not focused on higher education goals and needs -Many feel the higher ed market is too small to sustain a healthy vendor environment » New uncertainties in the commercial vendor space -Emerging consolidations -Depressed investment climate -Migration away from products toward services

4. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 4 Our Dilemma (cont’d) » When we can afford to purchase ‘vended’ systems it is often difficult to find funds to sustain them -Version upgrades often resemble full implementations » It is very difficult to build and sustain ‘vanilla’ implementations of vended systems -The worst enemy? Ourselves and new regulations? » Closed source code » Proprietary standards » Very few open source companies in the academic application software market

5. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 5 Academia’s IT Dilemma: An Painful System Life Cycle D E A B C Aging, Unsupported, Highly Modified New Money, Enthusiasm, Inflated Expectations “Let’s Fix This” The Value Zone “Flop”

6. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 6 Legacy Software New ERP Software Caught in the Middle Higher Education

7. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 7 Why Traditional IS Approaches Fail Us » They are not collaborative: vendors build software and hand it to us on a silver platter » They are not open source so we have to rely on vendors for maintenance and enhancements » They are not open standards so we have to build numerous point-to-point interfaces » They are all built on different data models

8. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 8 Why Open Source Projects Succeed » Involvement of passionate, intelligent, true believer, ueber techies -To solve an interesting problem or to show it can be done -Willing to stay up all night writing code to fix a bug or add a feature -They like to involve the community » Often a ubiquitous problem in need of a solution » Traditional "bottom up" approach that often works for infrastructure and middleware

9. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 9 Strengths of Open Source » Many people looking at and contributing code leading to fewer bugs and security problems » May have better support options because the code is available to everyone » Flexible - often can do exactly what you need and want » More likely to conform to open standards so you can choose; and choose from an array of components

10. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 10 Why Open Source Projects Fail » Open Source in itself does not guarantee success » Lack of passion in the developer community -The problem isn’t interesting an longer » Inadequate depth or commitment of developer community » No true "ownership" of the problem and solution spaces » Inadequate support structures for those who can't tolerate risk

11. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 11 Application Middleware i.e. shibboleth Academia’s IT Dilemma: Open Source Infrastructure “Plumbing” i.e. Linux, Apache, TCP/IP, Perl, Sendmail, etc. OS Techies build Plumbing Proprietary software vendors build applications

12. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 12 An Instructive Historical Perspective on Open Source/Standards OSI Directory (X.500) LDAP OSI TCP/IP Vendor ProductsCisco Unix Linux Red Hat/SUSE Proprietary Open Commercial

13. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 13 Successes and Failures » Successes -TCP/IP »gated -Linux -Apache -Perl -Sendmail -Darwin -uPortal » Failures -WLN/BLIS -CMS projects -Game Launcher -Vizacc mini-ERP » TBD -Sakai -Chandler -Kuali

14. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 14 The Academy’s Systems Dilemma Is Collaborative Open Source the Solution?

15. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 15 Collaborative OS Software » (adj.) : To work together for a special purpose » Open-Source Software: Source code is distributed in public domain or copyrighted under an OS license » Collaborative OS: Producer universities and (possibly) vendors work together with stakeholders on innovative software that fulfill academic priorities

16. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 16 OS vs. Collaborative OS TraitOpen SourceCollaborative OS Collab. InternationalInter-Institutional Policy & Direction Lead ProgrammersLead Institutions Financing None (Volunteers) / Software Vendors Foundations & Institutions Distribution Usually FreeFree, consortia Standards OpenOpen / Closed Layer InfrastructureApplication Focus Software EngineeringProcess Engineering

17. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 17 Collaborative OS: Dev. Cycle BEA Web Portal / MS SharePoint uPortal TBD Closed Collaborative OS Software Vendor / Support Provider Blackboard Sakai SAP / Oracle / PeopleSoft Kuali TBD

18. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 18 Collaborative OS: New Paradigm Open Source Open Standards Collaborative Development

19. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 19 Collaborative OS: New Paradigm Open Source Open Standards Collaborative Development

20. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 20 Collaborative OS: New Paradigm Open Source Open Standards Collaborative Development

21. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 21 Collaborative OS: New Paradigm Open Source Open Standards Collaborative Development

22. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 22 Collaborative OS Community Collaborative Open-Source Software Producer University Intellectual & Admin. Resources Software and System Vendors Federal Agencies (D of Ed, NSF) Foundations and NPO’s (Mellon,OSAF) Open Source Support Providers (Red Hat, Suse, rSmart) Consumer University Users/Testers

23. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 23 Collaborative OS Core Focus Scholarly Information Systems Personal Info. Manager Portals Portfolios Identity And Access Management Content Managers Object Libraries Library Catalogue Scholarly Publishing Learning Management Systems Digital Repositories

24. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 24 Collaborative OS Core Focus Scholarly Information Systems Chandler uPortal, CampusEAI EPortfolio Shib, PubCookie, Signet Zope, LionShare OKI Fedora OKI Sakai, Moodle, Pachyderm DSpace,

25. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 25 Challenges Ahead » Standardizing Licenses -Proliferation of OS License Models -Barriers to borrowing code from programs -Intellectual Property of Contributions

26. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 26 Challenges Ahead » Need Leadership to drive acceptance of an appropriate model within Higher Education -What is the role of the CIO? -Does the current state of the CIO/CFO relationship hurt or help? -Organizations (EDUCAUSE, UCAID, NACUBO, user groups) -Presidents and Boards ???? -Why haven’t we created a UCAID for software?

27. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 27 Challenges Ahead » Educating the Community -Free ≠ Free deployment, customization, and support -Lack of information to assess software quality »What is the ‘due diligence’ model? -Perception that OS is new and limited -Risk aversion to new technology

28. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 28 Challenges Ahead » Sustainable Economic Model -Competitive threats from commercial software developers »Is this really a bad thing? –After all, maybe the objective has been achieved -Funding (investment and sustenance) -Insufficient network of vendors and OS service providers »Success will require new types of partnerships, revised vendor strategies, and new types of businesses. »Would a higher ed software company make sense? Is it feasible? What would be the model?

29. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 29 Challenges Ahead » Strong Collaborative Community -Institutional priorities, accountability, governance models -Competition between higher education institutions »Will collaboration turn into competition? –Is this a matter of whether or when? -What are the right models for vendor partnership? -Free riders; what value do the non-producer schools bring?

30. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 30 Challenges Ahead » Supporting Software Diversity -One size does not fit all »Is OS just another alternative? Or a mission? -Choice and competition »Live by OS!, die by OS? -Modular and flexible software »Will we live by our own mantra? -Good reference architectures and data models

31. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 31 Challenges Ahead » Neutralizing Policy and Political Threats -Patent litigation, IP claims (i.e. SCO) »The threat is just as damaging as the reality -Impact of state government acquisition requirements -Pending national and international legislation -Open Source Insurance??  http://www.osriskmanagement.com http://www.osriskmanagement.com

32. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 32 Pipedream or Panacea? A greater likelihood of using open source to achieve ‘value zone’ solutions by focusing on our core business: Scholarly Information Systems

33. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 33 Key elements of the solution space » Build an architectural framework and reference data model for student and scholarly information systems » Continue to invest in new scholarly information systems using a collaborative, open approach -LMS, portfolio, digital repository, …….. » Work to ‘open up’ the student system environment using collaborative development and open source/standards -How can we work with our vendor community to minimize risk ? » Establish a new organizational vehicle from the collaborative community to address the challenges and barriers

34. © Georgetown University February 2, 2005 Page 34 Challenges and Barriers » Standardizing Licenses » Addressing Leadership Issues » Educating the Community » Creating a Sustainable Economic Model » Strengthening the Collaborative Community » Assuring Software Choice » Neutralizing Legal and Political Threats