1. SPECİAL EDUCATİON İN TURKEY

2. OVERALL STRUCTURE OF TURKİSH NATİONAL EDUCATİON

3. Turkish Educational System
The National Education System, determined by National Education Basic Act No. 1739, consists of two main parts, namely “formal education” and “non-formal education”.
Turkish Educational System
Formal Education
İnformal Education

4. FORMAL EDUCATİON
Formal education is the regular education conducted within a school for individuals in a certain age group and at the same level, under programs developed in accordance with the purpose. Formal education includes pre-primary, primary, secondary and higher education institutions.

5. Higher education institutions
FORMAL EDUCATİON
Pre-primary
Primary
Secondary
Higher education institutions

6. Pre-Primary Education
Pre-primary education; involves the education of children in the age group of 3 to 5 (36-72 months)who have not reached the age of compulsory primary education, on an optional basis. Pre-primary education institutions may be established as independent kindergartens or, where considered necessary, as nursery classes within a primary education school or as practice classes affiliated to other related education institutions.

7. The objective of pre-primary education is to ensure that children develop physically, mentally and emotionally and acquire good habits, that they are prepared for primary education, that a common environment of upbringing is provided for children who come from a disadvantaged background and that they speak Turkish properly and correctly. Pre-Primary education institutions are opened as independent kindergartens and as nursery classes and practical classes within formal and non-formal education institutions with suitable physical capacity.

8. Primary Education
Primary education involves the education and training of children in the age group of 6 to 13. Primary education is compulsory for all male and female citizens and is free at State schools. The objective of primary education is to ensure that every Turkish child acquires the necessary knowledge, skills, behavior and habits to become a good citizen and is raised in accordance with the concept of national morals and that he/she is prepared for life and for the next level of education in accordance with his/her interests, talents and capabilities.

9. In the last educational semester of primary education, necessary studies are carried out by guidance services in order to inform students on which schools and programmes in secondary education pave the way to which professions and the living standards these professions shall provide to them. Primary education institutions consist of eightyear schools where continuous education is provided and primary education diplomas are awarded to the graduating students.

10. First Step Primary Education 21
First Step Primary Education 2 3 4 5
Second Step Primary Education 6 7 8

11. Secondary Education
Secondary education includes all the teaching institutions with at least four years of education such as general, vocational and technical ones. The aims and duties of secondary education, in accordance with the general purposes and basic principles of National Education, are as follows;

12. Enabling all students to have the awareness and power to get to know the problems of people and the society, to look for solutions and to contribute to the economic, social and cultural development of the country with the provision of a minimum amount of common world knowledge.

13. General Secondary Education
Vocational and Technical Secondary Education

14. General Secondary Education
It is a four-year educational process that prepares students both for higher education and for the future according to their interests, expectations and abilities in addition to equipping them with world knowledge with an education based on primary education.

15. Vocational and Technical Secondary Education
It is a four-year educational process that prepares students both for higher education and for the future as well as for an occupation and job fields according to their interests, expectations and abilities in addition to equipping them with world knowledge with an education based on primary education.

16. Higher Education
Higher education includes all the educational institutions which are based on secondary education, and which provide at least two years of higher education. The aims and duties of secondary education, in accordance with the general purposes and basic principles of National Education, are as follows;

17. Higher education institutions
Universities,
Faculties,
Institutes,
Colleges
Conservatories
Vocational Colleges
Center for Practice and Research

18. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
In accordance with the general objectives and basic principles of national education, the objectives of non-formal education, which covers citizens who have never entered the formal education system or are at any level of it or have left at that level, and which may accompany formal education or be independent

21. SPECIAL EDUCATİON IN TURKEY
Special education is continued by the Ministry of National Education in Turkey. Special education covers children between the ages of 0-21 who show some differences from other children because of their physical, mental, psychological, emotional or social characteristics and cannot, therefore, benefit from the regular education services

22. Education of the disabled children is a subject of concern for the Ministry of National Education, according to the principle of “Equality of Opportunity and in Education”.

23. In Turkey, educational services are provided in special education schools to children and young people in five groups: the visual impaired, the hearing impaired, the orthopedic impaired, the mentally impaired and children with long-term illness. Of the children in all groups, those in a suitable condition are included in mainstreaming (integration) education in normal schools and benefit from education services through special education classes and supportive education.

24. Educational services are provided in special education schools to children and young people in five groups
the visual impaired
the hearing impaired
The orthopedic impaired
the mentally impaired
children with long-term illness

25. The basic principle of special education which has adopted along with the new legislation is to plan and carry out the services without isolating individuals with special education needs from their social and physical environment. Also in all those impairment groups, the children who meet the criteria are taken to adaptation training in normal schools and make use of education services through special education classes and supplementary education.

26. Adaptation education refers to disabled individual’ s sustaining education in regular or separate classes where peers that are not inadequate study. But there are some children who cannot benefit from education due to several reasons though they need special education.

27. SPECIAL EDUCATION APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

28. Preschool Education of Children with special needs
In Turkey pre-school education is an obligation for months old children whose requirements for special education are defined.

29. Applications In Primary School
Mainstreaming in Primary school
Special Education class
Prep class before integration
Special Education Schools.
Hospital schools
Special Education Support with programs
Open primary schools

30. Special Education Schools
Primary education schools for the visually impaired
Primary education schools for the hearing impaired
Primary education schools for the orthopedic impaired
Hospital primary education schools
Private Special Education schools

31. Applications in High School
Integration in High School
Special High Schools
Open High Schools
Open Vocational High Schools
Integration in Vocational and Technical High Schools

32. Special Education High Schools
Multi-program high schools for the hearing impaired
Vocational high schools for the physically disabled
Printing house and evening art school for the visual impaired
Job Training Centers (for mentally impaired adults
Education and application schools (for trainable mentally impaired)

33. Educational Support Services
Science and Art Centers (for gifted)
Special Education and rehabilitation centers (supporting services)
Center for Special Education and Rehabilitation (RAM)

34. Science and Art Centers
It is the independent special educational institution which is designed with the aim of having gifted children gain awareness of their individual talents, improve their potential and make the most of it without interrupting their education in formal educational institutions.

35. Special Education and rehabilitation centers (supporting services)
They are the private educational institutions which function with the goal of eliminating problems resulting from difficulties in speaking and language development, voice defects, mental, physical, auditory, social, emotional deficiencies or behavioral disorders, taking their abilities to upper levels again, improving their self-care and independent living skills and ensuring their adaptation into the society.

36. These institutions are providing many different services and support.
These institutions able to provide support just for children are contunue formal education.
There institutions have limeted teaching hours in a week.
Ministry of Education paying usd for each student to these institutions for the services provided.

37. Center for Special Education and Rehabilitation (RAM)
Individual educational evaluation and diagnostics, created by the Board of Special Education Evaluation objective, standardized tests, and individual characteristics are appropriate measuring tools in Guidance Research Centers (RAM).

38. Center for Special Education and Rehabilitation (RAM) is just middle of the system
While individual diagnosing; medical evaluation report as well as mental, physical, emotional, social, developmental history, characteristics of all development areas, in the academic fields qualifications, training, performance, needs, access to education and duration of the child's individual progress report prepared by the teacher in the school is registered taken into consideration

39. individual with special needs, of the according to the results educational assessment and diagnosis are decided at least restricted educational environment and the instruction plan, including special education services and special education assessment report is prepared

40. Special Education Services Board, a special education assessment report in accordance with the individual in need of special education in public school or institution the appropriate places
These application automatically happening after special education assessment report published.

41. Guidance and research centers, to help fulfill the task of educational assessment and diagnosis, and corporate data, the Ministry of Education electronic information system "MEBBIS" over the entries made ​​on the internet that "RAM Module" has been prepared.

42. physical, mental, psychological, emotional differences
Pre-Primary
Primary
Secondary
3 years old years old
physical, mental, psychological, emotional differences
Healty report
Mainstreaming
Primery
Secondary
Special Education Schools
Hospital schools
Home education
Places
RAM
diagnostics
Special Education Support Services
Special Education and rehabilitation centers
Science and Art Centers

43. Type of school
School/ Class/institution
Number Of Students
Number of Teachers
Classroom
Total
Male
Female
Kindergartens within Special Education Schools
122
890
516
374
193 28
165
205
Primary School for the Hearing-Impaired 49
3804
2157
1647
1121
571
550
670
Primary School for the Visually-Impaired 16
1362
793
569
445
225
220
293
Hospital Primary School 53 -
103 51 52
Primary School for the Orthopedic-Impaired 3
545
294
251
110 33 77 56
Primary School for the Light Levels of Educable
Mentally Impaired
2792
1785
1007
1189
519
671
Training Center for Autistic Children (Primary
Education)
2 066
1 629
437
683
268
415
548
Children with Adaptation Problems (Primary Education) 1 65 20 4 11

44. Classroom Type of school School/ Class/institution Number Of Students
Number of Teachers
Classroom
Total
Male
Female
1435
Special Education Class (Primary Education) -
20 958
12939
8019
Inclusive Education (Primary Education)
84309
53584
Special Education Vocational High School (Orthopedic
Imparied) 2 97 69 28 39 11 9
Special Education Vocational High School (Hearing
Imparied ) 21
2053
1 282
771
353
221
132
148
Training School (Vocational
Secondary Education) ( Light Levels of Educable
Mentally Impaired) 89
5949
4 027
1 922
545
240
305
273
Inclusive Education (Secondary Education)
10860
6744
4116
Total of Special Education, Formal Education
714
199513
122874
76639
8189
3515
4674
5694

45. Type of school
School/ Class/institution
Number Of Students
Number of Teachers
Classroom
Job Training Centers for the
Medium and High Level of Educable Mentally Impaired
135
4302
2804
1498
104 51 53
Science and Arts Center (Gifted and
Talented Childen)) 62
10807
5 656
5151
712
454
258
599
Vocational Training Center for Autistic Childen 14
657
512
145 -
Private Special Education School (Non-Formal
Education)
112
23 638
14 279
9 359
Total of Special Education, Formal Education
323
39404
23 251
16 153
816
505
311
652
Total
1037
238917
146125
92792
9005
4020
4985
6346

46. Thank you for patience