1. Gender, Agriculture, and Nutrition Linkages TOPS Food Security Meeting Maputo September 2011

2. Nutrition and GDP 2 Nutrition and food consumption issues are critical to sustainably reduce poverty and decrease maternal and child mortality. Up to 3% GDP LOSSES due to undernutrition $ $ World Bank 2006

3. What Supports Child Nutrition? Access to water/ sanitation /hygiene and basic health services Improved maternal and child-care practices Access to food

4. Human Capital Agricultural processing Meal preparation Nutritional status Kept for household Sold at market Non-food cash crops Livestock, fish, non- timber forest products Food crops Income Care Dietary Intake Agriculture and Nutrition Pathways Food Assets & Resources International Center for Research on Women Health

5. REACH, Sierra Leone NUTRITION-SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE

6. PRINCIPLES Agriculture affects nutrition outcomes indirectly It works through effects on the underlying causes of undernutrition: access to food and food production, health and care, and most directly through the effects of income and prices on household food security Nutrition is both an input for and an outcome of agricultural productivity The appropriate actions will be identified through an analysis of determinants of food insecurity/ undernutrition Plan multisectorally and implement sectorally

7. What is USAID doing to link Agriculture and Nutrition? 7 Agriculture Programs Health Services Feed the FutureGlobal Health Initiative Nutrition Improved access to diverse and quality foods Improved nutrition-related behaviors Improved utilization of maternal and child health and nutrition services including hygiene

8. Key Linkages: Gender, Nutrition, and Agriculture Focus on women because of their role as care givers, producers, processors of food Nutrition and health protocols: Customs detrimental to child health and development Gender approach: involving men

9. Empowerment of women with knowledge and skills to prevent or reverse malnutrition, capacity to care for their children, access to technical resources to improve food production and/or food processing.

10. Increase year-round supply of nutrient rich foods Address gaps in sector-specific efforts, such as production or income gains that fail to translate into improved nutritional status. Reduce women’s resource constraints by improving their access to productive technologies such as seeds and extension services; Identify characteristics of different crop varieties that may be preferred more by men or women Provide extension support to enhance uptake of the preferred varieties Focus on developing technologies that increase productivity in parts of the food chain that fall largely within women’s domain

11. Women’s RoleInsightInterventions Food producerWomen and men equally contribute to household food supply and availability women’s participation in nutrition-oriented agricultural technology development enhancing production systems associated with women addressing production and post-production constraints Income-earning farmersWomen significantly (re)invest their income in food and nutrition Gender-responsive market chain development agri-food value chain development to include nutrition entrepreneurship and business development for high-nutrition value chains

12. Health/nutrition caretakers Women are key decision- makers and stewards of household food and nutrition security Introducing agri-food strategies within broader nutrition interventions Nutritionally vulnerable group Women’s nutritional status determines their productive and reproductive roles, and affects intra-household nutrition/health developing agriculture innovations targeting nutritional issues affecting women Introducing strategies for enhanced access to healthcare and education services As partners with menHousehold and community dynamics require social learning and collective action by men and women Understanding and overcoming social norms and political economies of agri-nutrition systems