1. Coming To Terms With the New LC Vocabularies: Genre/Form (Literature, Music, General), Demographic Groups and Medium of Performance Janis L. Young, Library of Congress Adam L. Schiff, University of Washington Libraries Hermine Vermeij, UCLA Cataloging & Metadata Cente r June 29, 2015 Sponsor: Cataloging & Metadata Section, Subject Analysis Committee #alctsAC15

2. A Program for CaMMS Subject Analysis Subcommittee ALA Annual Conference 2015 Coming to Terms with the New LC Vocabularies Genre/Form (Literature, Music, General), Demographic Groups, and Medium of Performance

3. Overview and Introduction Janis L. Young Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress

4. Agenda  Facets in LCSH  Facets in the new vocabularies  Status of the projects  Plans for the future  Assignment of terms  Availability of records 4

5. “Facet: Any of the definable aspects that make up a subject (as of contemplation) or an object (as of consideration)” Merriam-Webster online dictionary, def. 2 (Searched June 4, 2015) 5

6. Facets in LCSH  Subdivisions often considered analogous to facets  Topical  Geographic  Chronological  Form 6

7. Facets in LCSH  Main headings have facets  Personal name  Corporate name  Conference/event name  Title  Topic  Geographic 7

8. Facets in LCSH  Topical headings  “True” topics: describe what materials are about Automobiles in art Library science 8

9. Facets in LCSH  Topical headings  Genres and forms: describe what materials are Western films Poetry Sonatas Encyclopedias and dictionaries 9

10. Facets in LCSH  Topical headings  Audiences and creators Children’s stories College students’ writings 10

11. Facets in LCSH  Topical headings  Medium of performance: the voices, instruments, and other entities required to perform a piece of music Banjo and guitar music Trios (Bassoon, clarinet, cello) 11

12. Facets in LCSH  Topical headings  Combinations of form, audience or creator, and/or medium of performance Children's songs, Bantu Haiku, American Sonatas (Bass clarinet and piano) 12

13. Facets in LCSH  Computer cannot distinguish among topics, genres and forms, audiences and creators, and mediums of performance  Coding is identical  Form headings can often be used as topics  We expect users to distinguish between works of a genre or form, or for an audience or medium of performance, or by a creator, and works about it 13

14. Facets in LCSH  Examples Old time music Proverbs Spanish language—Dictionaries Spanish language—Lexicography Waltzes Waltz 14 —History and criticism

15. New Faceted Vocabularies  LC Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)  LC Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music (LCMPT)  LC Demographic Group Terms (LCDGT) 15

16. New Faceted Vocabularies  Each vocabulary describes a distinct aspect of a work  Allows for more flexibility and precision in searching 16

17. New Faceted Vocabularies  Simplify discovery  Take advantage of new interfaces that (can) provide specialized limits and searches  “Drill through” individual facets to limit searches  Search individual facets directly  End result: result sets that match users’ needs 17

18. New Faceted Vocabularies  Example A collection of short stories about vampires written for teenagers by a French woman Audience: Teenagers Creator: French women Genres/forms: Paranormal short stories Subject: Vampires 18

19. New Faceted Vocabularies  Each vocabulary is faceted  An authorized term represents one aspect  Terms do not overlap in meaning 19

20. New Faceted Vocabularies  Examples  LCGFT Animated fantasy films Fantasy animated films  LCMPT Celesta and piano  LCDGT Canadian cancer patients 20 Animated films Fantasy films piano celesta Canadians Cancer patients

21. New Faceted Vocabularies  Example A collection of short stories about vampires written for teenagers by a French woman Audience: Teenagers Creator: French; Women Genres/forms: Paranormal fiction; Short stories Subject: Vampires—Fiction 21

22. Status of LCGFT Projects  “Finished” projects (Implemented in original cataloging at LC; PSD is accepting proposals)  Cartography  Law  Moving images  Non-musical sound recordings 22

23. Status of LCGFT Projects  Projects in progress (PSD is not accepting proposals)  General terms  Initial terms approved  LC to implement in early 2016? 23

24. Status of LCGFT Projects  Projects in progress (PSD is not accepting proposals)  Literature  Approximately 230 terms were approved in May 2015  Approximately 160 will be approved in September 2015 (Tentative List 1516)  LC to implement in early 2016? 24

25. Status of LCGFT Projects  Projects in progress (PSD is not accepting proposals)  Music  Approximately 560 terms were approved February 2015  Approximately 80 terms are yet to be approved  LC has begun to implement in new cataloging 25

26. Status of LCGFT Projects  Projects in progress (PSD is not accepting proposals)  Religion  Approximately 40 terms appear on Tentative List 1518, to be approved in September 2015 26

27. Status of LCGFT Projects  Projects in progress (PSD is not accepting proposals)  Art  Art Libraries Society of North America has begun a project to develop an art vocabulary 27

28. Status of LCMPT  “Finished”  PSD is accepting proposals  SACO proposals must be made through the SACO Music Funnel (http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/saco/Music_Funnel.html)  Implemented in some new LC cataloging 28

29. Status of LCDGT  In progress  Approximately 400 pilot terms were approved in June 2015  “Introduction and Guiding Principles for the Pilot” is available at http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcdgt- principles.pdf  PSD is not accepting proposals  Subject specialists will enhance the vocabulary with additional terms  PSD recommends that LCDGT not be implemented in a wholesale fashion at this time 29

30. Future Directions  LCGFT  Fully incorporate new disciplines  Adjust hierarchies and UFs  Rationalize the use of RTs  Remove the introductory phrase in scope notes? 30

31. Future Directions  Develop a manual, similar to the Subject Headings Manual  Will be freely available online  Draft available in 2016? 31

32. Future Directions  The manual will  Incorporate “lessons learned” to provide guidance on proposing and assigning terms from LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT  Avoid “case law”  Contain as few exceptions to general principles as possible, to allow uniformity of policy and ease of assignment 32

33. Future Directions: Impact on LCSH  No immediate impact  All headings and subdivisions remain valid  Eventually  Cancel subject headings that are never used as “true” topics (e.g., Waltzes)  Cancel any form subdivisions that are only used with the headings that are cancelled  Consider cancelling all form subdivisions that have an LCGFT or LCMPT equivalent (e.g., —Dictionaries) 33

34. Assignment  Continue to assign LCSH as always, including form subdivisions  Assign as many terms as necessary from LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT to bring out the pertinent facets  If the classification number reflects a particular form, genre, audience, or creator/contributor demographic, assign it as the first term 34

35. Record Availability  LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT all available through  Classification Web  LC’s Linked Data Service (http://id.loc.gov)  LCGFT also available through LC authorities (http://authorities.loc.gov) and MARC Distribution Service  LCMPT and LCDGT also available through MARC download pages  LCMPT: http://classificationweb.net/LCMPT/  LCDGT: http://classificationweb.net/LCDGT/ 35

36. The Work of the SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation (SGFI) Adam L. Schiff Chair, SAC SGFI Principal Cataloger, University of Washington Libraries aschiff@uw.edu

37. Charge Acts as facilitator of two-way communication between the Library of Congress cataloging Policy and Support Office (PSD) and the cataloging communities with an interest in genre/form headings, including but not limited to the moving image, music, and law communities. To fulfill this charge, the subcommittee will both disseminate information from the Library of Congress to the cataloging communities, and act as an advisory body to LC in the matter of genre/form heading implementation. The subcommittee will identify areas to prioritize in genre/form heading establishment, coordinate interested parties in the cooperative creation of genre/form authority records and retrospective conversion of topical headings (150) to genre/form headings (155), and facilitate the sharing of best practices information. The subcommittee will develop general principles answering questions in the application of genre/form headings, including but not limited to which subject analysis conventions are appropriate (subdivisions, for example), and how genre/form headings should be indexed and used in systems.

38. Projects LCGFT general terms LCGFT literature terms MARC development 046, 385, 386, 388, relator terms Policies and best practices Genre/form headings manual DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual) Definition and scope of genre/form for LCGFT

39. LCGFT General Terms Working Group chaired by Yael Mandelstam Goal: to get a group of general, non-disciplinary terms into LCGFT Predecessor: 185/155 Working Group in 2011 reviewed the 255 Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) free-floating form subdivisions and recommended that 127 of them be included in the genre/form thesaurus PSD initially agreed that 75 of them should be considered for general terms project and formally asked SGFI to undertake a project with them in 2012 Working Group also looked at non-free-floating form subdivisions and at other thesauri to identify additional potential general terms Negotiated back and forth with LC PSD until a final group of terms was included on Tentative Monthly List 13 (January 2015); approved Monthly List of about 190 terms is available at http://classificationweb.net/approved- subjects/1513.htmlhttp://classificationweb.net/approved- subjects/1513.html 040 $a has MARC code for SAC: IlChALCS

41. LCGFT General Terms Terms which are not specific to a particular discipline AbridgmentsAlmanacsBibliographiesBlogs Conference papers and proceedingsDiariesDictionaries FAQsGuidebooksNewslettersObituaries SayingsTextbooksYearbooksZines Terms for ephemera (e.g., Calendars; Postcards; Theater programs) Terms for puzzles and games (e.g., Crossword puzzles; Palindromes) Terms for types of toy and movable books (e.g., Flip books; Pop-up books; Tunnel books) Some terms originally considered by the Literature Working Group (e.g., Captivity narratives; Creative nonfiction; Shaggy dog stories; Travel writing)

42. LCGFT General Terms Many have corresponding headings or form subdivisions in LCSH, but the LCGFT headings may not be identical. For example: LCSH: $v BiographyLCSH: $v Congresses LCGFT: BiographiesLCGFT: Conference papers and proceedings LCSH: $v Handbooks, manuals, etc.LCSH: Imaginary histories LCGFT: Handbooks and manualsLCGFT: Counterfactual histories LCSH: PlaybillsLCSH: Sound effects books LCGFT: Playbills (Posters)LCGFT: Sound books LCSH: $v TablesLCSH: $v Exhibitions LCGFT: Tables (Data)LCGFT: Exhibition catalogs

43. LCGFT General Terms Divided into 10 “top” terms: Commemorative works; Creative nonfiction; Derivative works; Discursive works; Ephemera; Illustrated works; Informational works; Instructional and educational works; Recreational works; Tactile works These are mainly for gathering the general terms into broad categories; they will rarely be assigned in a bibliographic record because more specific terms are available Some of the more specific terms may be in the hierarchies of multiple top terms. For example, Handbooks and manuals has two BTs, Instructional and educational works and Reference works, which is an NT of Informational works

45. Examples 100 1_ Carbone, Gregory J., $e author. 245 14 The atmosphere, seventh edition, Frederick K. Lutgens, Edward J. Tarbuck : $b laboratory manual / $c Greg Carbone. 246 14 Laboratory manual, the atmosphere, seventh edition 650 _0 Atmosphere $v Laboratory manuals. 650 _0 Meteorology $v Laboratory manuals. 650 _0 Weather $v Laboratory manuals. 655 _7 Laboratory manuals. $2 lcgft

46. Examples 110 2_ College Bound Scholarship (Program : Wash.), $e author. 245 10 Program manual / $c College Bound Scholarship. 310 __ Annual 650 _0 Scholarships $z Washington (State) $v Handbooks, manuals, etc. 650 _0 Government aid to education $z Washington (State) $v Handbooks, manuals, etc. 650 _0 Student aid $x Government policy $z Washington (State) $v Handbooks, manuals, etc. 655 _7 Handbooks and manuals. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

47. Examples 100 1_ Gross, John, $d 1935-2011, $e compiler. 245 14 The Oxford book of aphorisms / $c chosen by John Gross. 650 _0 Aphorisms and apothegms. 655 _7 Sayings. $2 lcgft 100 1_ Cordry, Harold V., $d 1943- $e compiler. 245 14 The multicultural dictionary of proverbs : $b over 20,000 adages from more than 120 languages, nationalities, and ethnic groups / $c Harold V. Cordry. 650 _0 Proverbs. 655 _7 Sayings. $2 lcgft

48. Examples 100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author. 240 10 Achterhuis. $l English 245 14 The diary of Anne Frank... 600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries. 650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Personal narratives. 650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

49. Examples 100 1_ Crowther, Robert, $e author. 245 10 Amazing pop-up trucks / $c Robert Crowther. 520 __ Text and pop-up illustrations introduce five different kinds of trucks from cement truck to garbage truck, and explain what they can do. 650 _0 Trucks $v Juvenile literature. 650 _1 Trucks. 650 _1 Pop-up books. 650 _1 Toy and movable books. 655 _7 Pop-up books. $2 lcgft

50. Examples 245 00 The New York times theater reviews. 650 _0 Theater $z United States $v Reviews $v Periodicals. 655 _7 Theater reviews. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft 245 00 The New York times film reviews. 650 _0 Motion pictures $v Reviews $v Periodicals. 655 _7 Motion picture reviews. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

51. Examples 245 00 Oregon child fatality review... annual report. 650 _0 Children $x Mortality $z Oregon $v Statistics $v Periodicals. 651 _0 Oregon $v Statistics, Vital $v Periodicals. 610 20 Oregon State Child Fatality Review Team $v Directories. 655 _7 Vital statistics. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Directories. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Annual reports. $2 lcgft

52. Examples 100 1_ Dior, Christian, $e author. 240 10 Christian Dior et moi 245 10 Christian Dior & moi / $c par Christian Dior. 600 10 Dior, Christian. 650 _0 Fashion designers $z France $z Paris $v Biography. 655 _7 Autobiographies. $2 lcgft

53. LCCGT Literature Terms Working Group chaired by Alex Thurman Goal: to get an initial group of terms for literature into LCGFT that can be used for BOTH individual works and compilations PSD generated an initial list of potential terms from LCSH Working Group examined other thesauri and reference sources for additional terms Negotiated back and forth with LC PSD until a final group of about 400 terms was included on Tentative Monthly List 15 (March 2015); about half of terms were approved; others deferred to Monthly List 16 (September 2015) due to workload issues in PSD. Approved Monthly List 15 is available at http://classificationweb.net/approved- subjects/1515.htmlhttp://classificationweb.net/approved- subjects/1515.html 040 $a has MARC code for SAC: IlChALCS

55. LCGFT Literature Terms Top term: Literature Five high-level terms under Literature: Comics (Graphic works); Drama; Fiction; Folk literature; Poetry Some terms originally considered by the General Terms Working Group (e.g., Bestiaries)

56. LCGFT Literature Terms Many have corresponding headings in LCSH, but the LCGFT headings may not be identical. For example: LCSH: Adventure storiesLCSH: Motion picture playsLCSH: Horror comic books, strips, etc. LCGFT: Action and adventure fiction LCGFT: Screenplays LCGFT: Horror comics LCSH: Comic books, strips, etc.LCSH: Nonfiction novel LCSH: Gothic fiction (Literary genre) LCGFT: Comics (Graphic works) LCGFT: Nonfiction novelsLCGFT: Gothic fiction LCSH: Horror tales LCSH: MoralitiesLCSH: Spy stories LCGFT: Horror fictionLCGFT: Morality plays LCGFT: Spy fiction LCSH: Plot-your-own stories LCSH: ComedyLCSH: Tragedy LCGFT: Choose-your-own stories LCGFT: Comedy playsLCGFT: Tragedies (Drama) LCSH: Mysteries and miracle-plays LCSH: Magic realism (Literature)LCSH: Suspense fiction LCGFT: Mystery and miracle plays LCGFT: Magic realist fictionLCGFT: Suspense fiction and Thrillers (Fiction)

57. LCGFT Literature Terms Explicit aspects like audience, creator characteristics, place of origin, language, and time period of creation that are often included in LCSH were out of scope for LCGFT if they are explicit in the term, so you will not find terms like these from LCSH: Children’s poetry; Buddhist stories; Christian fiction; Gay men’s writings; College prose; Byzantine literature; Literature, Medieval; Russian drama However, when not explicit, terms may be in LCGFT, e.g. Azharot [Jewish liturgical poems on 613 commandments in the Torah] Bible plays [specific religion is not explicit] Chansons de geste [a medieval French genre] Comedies of humours [an English 16th-17th century drama genre] Fabliaux [bawdy medieval tales] Hyangga [Korean poetry from Unified Silla (668-935) and Koryŏ dynasties (935-1392)] Jataka stories [Buddhist tales about the previous births of the Buddha]

58. LCGFT Literature Terms As mentioned earlier, there was a process of negotiation back and forth with LC PSD Not all proposed terms were accepted, e.g., Chick lit; Feminist fiction; Film tie-in fiction; Gentle reads; Manga; Patriotic poetry Other proposed terms were deferred, e.g.: Ethnic performing arts terms that have non-literary aspects such as music and dance, e.g., Kamishibai plays; Kōwaka plays; Topeng plays; Yakṣagāna plays. LC wants to further consider how (or if) they fit into LCGFT. Terms for styles, e.g., Dadaist poetry; Expressionist drama. LC wants to further consider whether style is appropriate for LCGFT. Working Group on LCGFT Literature Terms will follow up with LC on deferred terms

59. LCGFT Literature Terms Working Group on LCGFT Literature Terms also has identified similarities between some approved music terms and some unapproved literature terms, which it will discuss further with LC, e.g.: Country gospel musicParanormal romance fiction Country rock musicParanormal suspense fiction Folk-rock musicRomantic comedy plays Alma mater songsComplaint poetry Campaign songsEcofiction Christmas musicRevolutionary poetry Sea shantiesSea stories

60. Examples 245 04 The Faber book of gay short fiction / $c edited by Edmund White. 260 London ; $a Boston : $b Faber and Faber, $c 1991. 650 _0 Gay men $v Fiction. 650 _0 Gay men's writings, English. 650 _0 Gay men's writings, American. 650 _0 Short stories, American. 650 _0 Short stories, English. 655 _7 Short stories. $2 lcgft

61. Examples 245 04 The best American poetry. 260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988- 260 3_ $3 : $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry 310 Annual 362 0_ 1988- 650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

62. Examples 100 1_ Tartt, Donna, $e author. 245 14 The goldfinch / $c Donna Tartt. 650 _0 Young men $v Fiction. 650 _0 Loss (Psychology) $v Fiction. 650 _0 Artists $v Fiction. 650 _0 Self-realization $v Fiction. 651 _0 New York (N.Y.) $v Fiction. 655 _7 Novels. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Bildungsromans. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Fictional autobiographies. $2 lcgft

63. Examples 100 1_ Feiffer, Jules, $e author, $e artist. 245 10 Kill my mother : $b a graphic novel / $c Jules Feiffer. 650 _0 Private investigators $v Comic books, strips, etc. 650 _0 Murder $v Comic books, strips, etc. 655 _7 Graphic novels. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Noir comics. $2 lcgft

64. MARC Developments 385 – Audience Characteristics 386 – Creator/Contributor Characteristics 388 – Time Period of Creation 046 – Special Coded Dates 370 – Associated Place Relator Terms

65. Audience and Creator/Contributor Characteristics Explicit indications of audience and creators/contributors of works and expressions are out of scope for LCGFT (although currently there are a few exceptions) This information needs to be retained somewhere LCSH: Children’s periodicalsLCSH: Young adult fiction LCGFT: PeriodicalsLCGFT: Fiction (or Novels, Short stories, etc.) LCSH: American poetry--Jewish authors LCGFT: Poetry

66. MARC 385 – Audience Characteristics Indicators both blank Subfields: $a – Audience term (R) $b – Audience code (R) $m – Demographic group term (NR) $n – Demographic group code (NR) $0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R) $2 – Source (NR) $3 – Materials specified (NR)

67. MARC 386 – Creator/Contributor Characteristics Indicators both blank Subfields: $a – Creator/contributor term (R) $b – Creator/contributor term code (R) $m – Demographic group term (NR) $n – Demographic group code (NR) $0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R) $2 – Source (NR) $3 – Materials specified (NR)

68. MARC 385/386 $m and $n $m – Demographic group term (NR) $n – Demographic group code (NR) During the development of the 385 and 386 fields, some commented that many class of persons headings belong to broader group categories that users might want to search or limit by. For example, children, tweens, teenagers, young adults, middle-aged persons, and senior citizens are all examples of age groups. Catholics, Baptists, Jews, Buddhists, Mormons, Muslims, Hindus, and Wiccans are all examples of religious groups. LC PSD maintains the list of group terms and codes: http://www.loc.gov/standards/valuelist/lcdgt.html

69. Also now established: Mental and physical disability group [mpd] Use for the medical or psychological condition, or the physical or mental disability, of the group members (e.g., cancer patients, schizophrenics, paraplegics, blind). Sexual orientation group [sxo] Use for the sexual orientation of the group members (e.g., heterosexuals, lesbians). Social group [soc] Use for identifiable social groups that cannot be included in the other categories (e.g., blondes, vegans). http://www.loc.gov/standards/valuelist/lcdgt.html

70. 385/386 Fields $m or $n are optional $2 is optional, but recommended if terms recorded are from a controlled vocabulary Repeat $a when terms are from the same vocabulary: 386 __ Women $a Canadians $a Librarians $a Archivists $2 lcdgt A work or works created by Canadian women librarians and archivists Repeat the field if $m or $n is used and terms belong to different demographic categories: 386 __ $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt 386 __ $n nat $a Canadians $2 lcdgt 386 __ $n occ $a Librarians $a Archivists $2 lcdgt

71. 385/386 Fields Repeat field if terms are from different controlled vocabularies: 385 __ $n age $a Teenagers $2 lcdgt 385 __ $n age $a Adolescents $2 ericd A work or works for teenagers 386 __ $n eth $a Indians, North American $2 mesh 386 __ $n eth $a American Indians $2 ericd 386 __ $n eth $a Indians of North America $2 lcsh A work or works created by Native Americans

72. 385/386 Fields Generally, break up compound terms into their components. For example: 386 __ African American women librarians $2 lcsh use instead: 386 __ African Americans $a Women $a Librarians $2 lcdgt or 386 __ $n eth $a African Americans $2 lcdgt 386 __ $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt 386 __ $n occ $a Librarians $2 lcdgt A work or works created by African American women librarians

73. Which Vocabularies to Use? Any vocabularies that are on the Subject Heading and Term Source Codes list or other appropriate specialized lists such as Occupation Term Source Codes http://www.loc.gov/standards/sourcelist/subject.html LCDGT is being developed as a preferred vocabulary to use in these fields

74. Examples - Bibliographic Records 100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author. 240 10 Achterhuis. $l English 245 14 The diary of Anne Frank... 386 Girls $a Teenagers $a Dutch $a Jews $a Holocaust victims $2 lcdgt 600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries. 650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Personal narratives. 650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

75. Examples - Bibliographic Records 100 1_ Lindgren, Astrid, $d 1907-2002, $e author. 240 10 Pippi Långstrump i Humlegården. $l English 245 10 Pippi Longstocking in the park / $c by Astrid Lindgren ; with pictures by Ingrid Nyman. 385 $n age $a Children $2 lcdgt 386 $n nat $a Swedes $2 lcdgt 386 $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt 600 10 Longstocking, Pippi $v Juvenile fiction. 650 _0 Parks $v Juvenile fiction. 650 _0 Criminals $z Sweden $v Juvenile fiction. 650 _0 Girls $z Sweden $v Juvenile fiction. 651 _0 Sweden $v Juvenile fiction. 600 11 Longstocking, Pippi $v Fiction. 650 _1 Parks $v Fiction. 651 _1 Sweden $v Fiction. 655 _7 Fiction. $2 lcgft

76. Examples - Bibliographic Records 245 04 The Faber book of gay short fiction / $c edited by Edmund White. 260 London ; $a Boston : $b Faber and Faber, $c 1991. 386 Gay men $a Britons $a Americans $2 lcdgt 650 _0 Gay men $v Fiction. 650 _0 Gay men's writings, English. 650 _0 Gay men's writings, American. 650 _0 Short stories, American. 650 _0 Short stories, English. 655 _7 Short stories. $2 lcgft

77. Examples - Bibliographic Records 245 04 The best American poetry. 260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988- 260 3_ $3 : $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry 310 Annual 362 0_ 1988- 386 $n nat $a Americans $2 lcdgt 650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

78. Examples - Bibliographic Records 100 1_ Dees, David B., $e author. 245 10 Quick Spanish for emergency responders : $b essential words and phrases for firefighters, paramedics, and EMTs / $c David B. Dees. 385 Emergency Responders $2 mesh 385 Emergency medical technicians $a Fire fighters $2 lcsh 385 First responders $2 lcdgt 650 _0 Spanish language $v Conversation and phrase books (for medical personnel) 650 _0 Spanish language $v Conversation and phrase books (for fire fighters) 650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Phrases $x English. 650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Phrases $x Spanish. 650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Terminology $x English. 650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Terminology $x Spanish. 655 _7 Phrase books. $2 lcgft

79. Examples - Authority Records 100 1_ Lindgren, Astrid, $d 1907-2002. $t Pippi Långstrump 380 Fiction $2 lcgft 385 $n age $a Children $2 lcdgt 386 $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt 386 $n nat $a Swedes $2 lcdgt

80. Examples - Authority Records 130 _0 Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music 380 Folk dance music $a Folk songs $2 lcgft 386 Indians of North America $a Eskimos $2 lcsh 400 1_ Asch, Michael. $t Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music 430 _0 Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord 670 An anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music [SR] 1973: $b label (An anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music / compiled and edited by Michael I. Asch) 670 Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord [SR] p1974: $b label (Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord)

81. Examples - Authority Records 130 _0 Love + relAsianships 380 Drama $2 lcgft 386 Asian Canadians $a Canadians $2 lcdgt 430 _0 Love and relAsianships 430 _0 Love plus relAsianships 670 Love + relAsianships : a collection of contemporary Asian-Canadian drama,2009.

82. Examples - Authority Records 130 _0 Gallaudet deaf literature series 380 Monographic series $a Series (Publications) $2 lcsh 380 Literature $2 lcgft 386 $n mpd $a Deaf $2 lcdgt 386 $n mpd $a Persons With Hearing Impairments $2 mesh 670 Deaf American prose 1980-2010, c2012: $b t.p. (The Gallaudet deaf literature series)

83. Time Period of Creation Explicit indications of the time period when works and expressions were created are out of scope of LCGFT This information needs to be retained somewhere LCSH: Operas--18th century LCSH: Rock music--1961-1970 LCGFT: OperasLCGFT: Rock music LCSH: English essays--20th centuryLCSH: Literature, Medieval LCGFT: EssaysLCGFT: Literature

84. MARC 388 – Time Period of Creation First indicator – Type of time period # – No information provided 1 – Creation of work 2 – Creation of aggregate work Subfields: $a – Time period of creation term (R) $0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R) $2 – Source (NR) $3 – Materials specified (NR)

85. MARC 046 – Special Coded Dates Indicators blank Subfields: $k – Beginning of single date created (NR) $l – Ending date created (NR) $o – Single or starting date for aggregated content (NR) $p – Ending date for aggregated content (NR)

86. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $k 19420614 $l 19440801 100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author. 240 10 Achterhuis. $l English 245 14 The diary of Anne Frank... 386 Girls $a Teenagers $a Dutch $a Jews $a Holocaust victims $2 lcdgt 600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries. 650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Personal narratives. 650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries. 655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

87. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $k 2001 $o 1778 $p 1838 245 00 Women's writing, 1778-1838 : $b an anthology / $c edited with an introduction and notes by Fiona Robertson. 264 _1 Oxford ; $a New York : $b Oxford University Press, $c 2001. 386 Britons $a Women $2 lcdgt 388 1_ 1778 - 1838 $2 fast 388 1_ Nineteenth century $2 lcsh 388 1_ Eighteenth century $2 lcsh 650 _0 English literature $x Women authors. 650 _0 Women $z Great Britain $x History $y 19th century $v Sources. 650 _0 Women $z Great Britain $x History $y 18th century $v Sources. 650 _0 English literature $y 19th century. 650 _0 English literature $y 18th century. 650 _0 Women $v Literary collections 655 _7 Literature. $2 lcgft

88. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $o 1987 $p 9999 $2 marc 245 04 The best American poetry. 260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988- 260 3_ $3 : $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry 310 Annual 362 0_ 1988- 386 $n nat $a Americans $2 lcdgt 388 1_ 1987 - 1999 $2 fast 388 1_ 2000 - 2099 $2 fast 650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

89. Examples - Authority Records 046 $o 16 130 _0 Borzoi anthology of 17th-century English literature 380 Literature $2 lcgft 386 $n nat $a Britons $2 lcdgt 388 1_ Seventeenth century $2 lcsh 430 _0 Borzoi anthology of seventeenth-century English literature 670 Seventeenth-century English poetry, 1967: $b series title page (The Borzoi anthology of 17th-century English literature)

90. Examples - Authority Records 046 $k 07uu/1100 $2 edtf 130 _0 Beowulf 380 Epic poetry $a Narrative poetry $2 lcgft 388 1_ Anglo-Saxon (culture or style) $2 aat 430 _0 Bjowulf 400 0_ Aldfrith, $c King of Northumbria, $d -705. $t Beowulf

91. Geographic Characteristics Explicit indications of the geographic place where works and expressions were created are out of scope of LCGFT This information needs to be retained somewhere LCSH: American poetry--California--San Francisco LCGFT: Poetry

92. MARC 370 – Associated Place Indicators not defined Subfields: $c – Associated country (R) $f – Other associated place (R) $g – Place of origin of work (R) $s – Start period (NR) $t – End period (NR) $u – Uniform Resource Identifier (R) $0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R) $2 – Source of term (NR)

93. Example - Bibliographic Records 046 $o 20 245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett. 370 $c United States $g San Francisco (Calif.) $2 naf 385 Children $2 lcdgt 386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt 388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh 650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San Francisco. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft

94. Example - Authority Records 046 $k 07uu/1100 $2 edtf 130 _0 Beowulf 370 $g England $2 naf 380 Epic poetry $a Narrative poetry $2 lcgft 388 1_ Anglo-Saxon (culture or style) $2 aat 430 _0 Bjowulf 400 0_ Aldfrith, $c King of Northumbria, $d -705. $t Beowulf

95. MARC 751 – Added Entry—Geographic Name Indicators not defined Subfields: $a – Geographic name (NR) $e – Relator term (R) $0 – Authority record control number (R) $2 – Source of heading or term (NR) $3 – Materials specified (NR) $4 – Relator code (R) But wait! There’s also:

96. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $o 20 245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett. 385 Children $2 lcdgt 386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt 388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh 650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San Francisco. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft 751 San Francisco (Calif.) $2 naf

97. Relator Terms Four new relator terms proposed by SAC SGFI have been approved by LC NDMSO: Origination place [orp] use in 751 A place from which a work or expression originated Capture place [cap] use in 751 A place associated with the capture (i.e., recording, filming, etc.) of the content of a resource Discovery place [dvp] use in 751 A place where a natural object or artifact was discovered Setting [stg] use in 651 An entity in which the activity or plot of a work takes place, e.g., a geographic place, a time period, a building, an event

98. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $o 20 245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett. 385 Children $2 lcdgt 386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt 388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh 650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San Francisco. 650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century. 655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft 751 San Francisco (Calif.), $e origination place. $2 naf

99. Examples - Bibliographic Records 046 $k 1978 100 1_ Maupin, Armistead, $e author. 245 10 Tales of the city / $c Armistead Maupin. 370 $c United States $2 naf 386 Americans $a Gay men $2 lcdgt 600 10 Singleton, Mary Ann $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction. 600 10 Tolliver, Michael $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction. 600 10 Madrigal, Anna $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction. 650 _0 City and town life $z California $z San Francisco $v Fiction. 651 _0 San Francisco (Calif.), $e setting. 655 _7 Humorous fiction. $2 lcgft 655 _7 Novels. $2 lcgft

100. Policies and Best Practices Genre/form headings manual DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual) Definition and scope of genre/form for LCGFT

101. Genre/Form Headings Manual SAC SGFI, in collaboration with PSD, is making a first stab at drafting a manual similar to the Subject Headings Manual. Draft policies will be submitted to PSD for review, discussion, revision, and eventual publication as an LC manual Revised drafts of instruction sheets being reviewed at this conference Examples of potential instruction sheets: Order of Genre/Form Headings Assigning and Constructing Genre/Form Headings Foreign Terms Parenthetical Qualifiers in Genre/Form Headings “Used for” References Scope Notes Legal Materials: Legislation Audience Characteristics

102. DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual) SAC SGFI has written draft instruction sheets for LC/NACO policies for use of fields 385, 386, and 388 in authority records PCC Standing Committee on Training is reviewing/revising and will announce when they are available

103. Definition and Scope of Genre/Form for LCGFT SAC SGFI Working Group on the Definition and Scope of Genre/Form for LCGFT, chaired by Lia Contursi, was formed in January 2015, with representatives from each completed and ongoing project (art, AV, cartographic, general, law, literature, music, and religion) Recent expansion of LCGFT to include music, literature, and general terms made it obvious that documentation needed updating Its report was approved by SAC and sent to LC PSD on May 28, 2015 Proposes revisions to the Introduction to Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials

104. Summary SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation has had a very productive and successful three years in collaboration with LC Addition of many hundreds of general and literature terms to LCGFT New and revised MARC fields to accommodate characteristics of works/expressions related to genre/form Development of policies and best practices Thank you to subcommittee members, members of the subcommittee working groups, and LC PSD for the hundreds of hours devoted to achieving all this

105. The New Music Vocabularies Hermine Vermeij UCLA Cataloging & Metadata Center hermine@library.ucla.edu

106. Outline LCGFT music terms LCMPT (Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus) Best Practices Examples

107. LCGFT Music Terms Music Library Association Genre/Form Task Force, formed in 2009 Medium of performance separated early on Most terms taken from LCSH 567 proposals approved in February 2015 Music community has been using them for a few months.

109. LCGFT Music Terms – Top Terms Music Accompaniments (Music) Arrangements (Music) Art music Chants Dramatic music Folk music Functional music Glitch music Humorous music Medleys (Music) Notated music Popular music Sacred music Songs Teaching pieces (Music) Full hierarchy available: http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumprojhttp://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumproj

110. LCGFT Music Terms - Highlights Terms in LCSH are often sorted by geographical areas or ethnic aspects; not so in LCGFT: Tejano music [LCSH]Tejano music [LCGFT] BT Folk music—TexasBT Folk music BT Mexican Americans—Texas—MusicBT Popular music BT Popular music—Texas No medium of performance qualifiers LCSHLCGFT Sonatas (Accordion)Sonatas Sonatas (Alto horn and piano) Sonatas (Arpeggione and piano) … etc. Many terms in the Notated music hierarchy were form subdivisions in LCSH LCSHLCGFT $v PartsParts (Music) $v ScoresScores $v Vocal scores with [piano, etc.]Vocal scores

111. LCGFT Music Terms – What’s not There Individual psalms and other texts of sacred music not considered forms YesNo Psalms (Music)Psalms (Music)—64th Psalm RequiemsDies irae (Music) MassesAgnus Dei (Music) Headings denoting medium of performance and/or the number of instruments (e.g., Quartets; Nonets; String quartets; Piano trios) Many performing arts terms are on hold until they can be addressed by a larger community.

112. LCMPT (Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus) Music Library Association Subject Access Subcommittee (now Vocabularies Subcommittee) Instruments, voices, and ensembles—any forces needed to perform a piece of music Over 800 terms approved in February 2014 Most derived in some way from LCSH Generally lower-case and singular MARC work to accommodate authority records for terms (162, 462, 562) as well as expanding the 382 for greater granularity

114. LCMPT – Top Terms ensemble performer visuals

115. LCMPT – Deep Hierarchy performer instrument wind instrument woodwind instrument reed instrument single reed instrument saxophone alto saxophone

116. LCMPT - Highlights Some gathering terms taken from a well-known instrument classification by Sachs and Hornbostel, e.g., “aerophone;” “membranophone.” Generally divided into single performers (instruments and voices) and ensembles. fluteflute choir child‘s voicechildren’s chorus brass instrumentbrass ensemble Unusual terms mouseketier leaf tin can

117. Best Practices Best Practices for Using LCGFT for Music Resources, available: http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumproj http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumproj Provisional Best Practices for Using LCMPT, available: http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.musiclibraryassoc.org/resource/resm gr/BCC_Resources/ProvisionalBestPracticesforU.pdf http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.musiclibraryassoc.org/resource/resm gr/BCC_Resources/ProvisionalBestPracticesforU.pdf Both are provided for the interim period between the release of the terms and the release of the LC genre/form manual.

118. LCGFT for Music Best Practices - Overview Generally choose the most specific appropriate term available Rock music NOT Popular music For notated music, add one or more appropriate form terms in addition to any other genre/form terms [score and parts of a sonata] Sonatas Scores Parts (Music) For works of art music that cannot be described using more specific terms in the Art music hierarchy, assign Chamber music or Art music. Jigs (Music) Art musicFolk music Do not use “Art music” and “Folk music” for the music of cultures with no art/folk music division; when in doubt, don’t assign them.

119. LCMPT Best Practices - Overview Generally choose the most specific term appropriate. Medium of performance: alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone: 382 01 $a alto saxophone $n 1 $a tenor saxophone $n 1 $a baritone saxophone $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt NOT 382 01 $a saxophone $n 3 $s 3 $2 lcmpt LCMPT terms can be coded in 382 subfields $a (Medium of Performance), $b (Soloist), $d (Doubling Instrument), and $p (Alternate Medium of Performance). MARC Formats and best practices document provide details. Use $n with terms from the performer hierarchy, if the number of performers is known; do not use $n with ensemble terms (upcoming MARC proposal for $e?) 382 01 $b viola $n 1 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt

120. Examples 100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840, $e composer. 245 10 $a Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e violino : M.S.2 / $c Niccolò Paganini. 382 01 $a guitar $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Sonatas (Violin and guitar) $v Scores. 655 #7 $a Sonatas. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft

121. Examples 100 1# $a Saint-Saëns, Camille, $d 1835-1921, $e composer. 245 10 $a Quintett in A für Pianoforte, zwei Violinen, Viola und Violoncello, op. 14 / $c komponiert von Camillo Saint-Saëns. 382 01 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt 382 01 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n $a double bass $n 1 $v double bass ad lib. $s 6 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Piano quintets $v Scores and parts. 650 #0 $a Sextets (Piano, violins (2), viola, cello, double bass) $v Scores and parts. 655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft

122. Examples 046 ## $k 1993 110 2# $a RF7 (Musical group), $e composer, $e performer. 245 10 $a Traditional values / $c RF7. 382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a guitar $n 1 $a bass guitar $n 1 $a drumset $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Punk rock music. 650 #0 $a Rock music $y 1991-2000. 655 #7 $a Punk rock music. $2 lcgft

123. Examples 100 1# $a Rodgers, Richard, $d 1902-1979, $e composer. 245 14 $a The King and I : $b vocal selection / $c music by Richard Rodgers ; lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. 382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt 650 #0 $a Musicals $v Excerpts $v Vocal scores with piano. 655 #7 $a Musicals. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Excerpts. $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Vocal scores. $2 lcgft

124. Examples Authority record: 046 ## $k 1936 100 1# $a Prokofiev, Sergey, $d 1891-1953. $t Detskie pesni 380 1# $a Songs $a Art music $2 lcgft 382 0# $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt

125. Questions?

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