1. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Certified Safety Construction
Business CB103
Presented By:
Construction Compliance
Training Center
This material was developed by Compacion Foundation Inc and The Hispanic Contractors Association de Tejas under Susan Harwood Grant Number SH SH0 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S. Government.
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2. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
The purpose of this module is to provide you with the information you will need in order to apply the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards to hazards in the workplace.
This module covers the following sections:
History of OSHA Standards
Horizontal and Vertical Standards
Code of Federal Regulations
Paragraph Numbering System
Color Coding
Subpart of CFR1926
Directives and Letters of
Interpretation
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3. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Development of regulations
Safe work environment
Annual data Census ( CFOI )
BLS first census 1992
Annually reported data 50 States
The development of regulations for construction industry has crate a safer work environment for construction workers across the nation. Data collected by Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ), form the annual Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries ( CFOI), provide information on all occupational fatal injuries in the Unaided States. According to data collected by U.S. Department of Labor ( USDOL, BLS and CFOI ) ,Injuries Have declined. First Census was conducted in 1992, BLS has annually reported data on fatal occupational injuries from all 50 states and the District of Colombia.
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4. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Horizontal and Vertical Standards
Standards are sometimes referred to as being either "horizontal" or "vertical" in their application. Most standards are horizontal or "general," which means they apply to The General Industry. Examples of horizontal standards are the standards relating to:
Fire protection
Working surfaces
First aid
OSHA safety standards are designed to reduce on-the-job injuries; health standards to limit workers' risk of developing occupational disease. Most OSHA standards are horizontal — they cover hazards which exist in a wide variety of industries. These are compiled as the OSHA General Industry Standards. Vertical standards apply solely to one industry. OSHA has promulgated vertical standards for the construction, agriculture, and maritime sectors. Some general industry standards apply to construction, agriculture, and maritime as well.
Standards are sometimes referred to as being either "horizontal" or "vertical" in their application. Most standards are horizontal or "general," which means they apply to any employer in any industry. Examples of horizontal standards are the standards relating to:
Fire protection
Working surfaces
First aid.
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5. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Horizontal and Vertical Standards
Standards applying only to specific industry, are called vertical, or "particular" standards. Examples of particular standards are those applying to the:
Construction industry
Maritime industry
Agriculture Industry
OSHA safety standards are designed to reduce on-the-job injuries; health standards to limit workers' risk of developing occupational disease. Most OSHA standards are horizontal — they cover hazards which exist in a wide variety of industries. These are compiled as the OSHA General Industry Standards. Vertical standards apply solely to one industry. OSHA has promulgated vertical standards for the construction, agriculture, and maritime sectors. Some general industry standards apply to construction, agriculture, and maritime as well.
Some standards, though, are relevant only to a particular industry, and are called vertical, or "particular" standards. Examples of particular standards are those applying to the:
Construction Industry, Maritime Industry and Agriculture Industry
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6. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Census of fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
A preliminary total of 4,340 fatal work injuries were recorded in the United States in 2009, down from a
Final count of 5,214 fatal work injuries in The 2009 total represents the smallest annual
Preliminary total since the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) program was first conducted in
1992. Based on this preliminary count, the rate of fatal work injury for U.S. workers in 2009 was
3.3 Per 100,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers, down from a final rate of 3.7 in Counts and
Rates are likely to increase with the release of final 2009 CFOI results in April Over the last 2
Years, increases in the published counts based on information received after the publication of
Preliminary results have averaged 156 fatalities per year or about 3 percent of the revised totals.
Economic factors played a major role in the fatal work injury decrease in Total hours worked fell
By 6 percent in 2009 following a 1 percent decline in 2008, and some industries that have historically
Accounted for a significant share of fatal work injuries, such as construction, experienced even larger
Declines in employment or hours worked. In addition, some source documents used by CFOI State
Partners to identify and verify fatal work injuries were delayed, due at least in part to fiscal constraints at
Some of the governmental agencies who regularly provide source documentation for the program.
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7. United State Code Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Part 1904 Injury Illness Recordkeeping, Part General Industry, Part Construction
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8. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Code of Federal Regulations
Title 29
Title 29 has 31 Chapters title
Major parts within Title
Title 29 of the United States Code is a code that outlines labor in the United States Code CFR Title 29, Chapter XVII is set aside for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Under this chapter, the regulations are broken down into Parts, Sections, and Subsections. Part 1910, for example, is the, "Occupational Safety and Health Standards," commonly known as the "General Industry Standards." Under each part, major blocks of information are broken down into Subparts. Each Subpart is further broken down into sections. The major Subparts in the 1910 standard are listed below, click on any below to learn more.
Title 29 has 31 chapters:
Chapter 1: Labor Statistics
Chapter 2: Women's Bureau
Chapter 2a. Children's Bureau
Chapter 3. National Trade Unions
Chapter 4. Vocational Rehabilitation of Persons Injured in Industry
Chapter 4a. Employment Stabilization
Chapter 4b. Federal Employment Service
Chapter 4c. Apprentice Labor
Chapter 5. Labor Disputes; Mediation and Injunctive Relief
Chapter 6. Jurisdiction of Courts in Matters Affecting Employer and Employee
Chapter 7: Labor-Management Relations
Chapter 8. Fair Labor Standards
Chapter 9. Portal-To-Portal Pay
Chapter 10. Disclosure of Welfare and Pension Plans
Chapter 11. Labor-Management Reporting And Disclosure Procedure
Chapter 12. Department of Labor
Chapter 13. Exemplary Rehabilitation Certificates
Chapter 14. Age Discrimination in Employment
Chapter 15. Occupational Safety and Health
Chapter 16. Vocational Rehabilitation and Other Rehabilitation Services
Chapter 17. Comprehensive Employment and Training Programs
Chapter 18. Employee Retirement Income Security Program
Chapter 19. Job Training Partnership
Chapter 20. Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection
Chapter 21. Helen Keller National Center for Youths and Adults Who Are Deaf-Blind
Chapter 22. Employee Polygraph Protection
Chapter 23. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification
Chapter 24. Technology Related Assistance for Individuals With Disabilities
Chapter 25. Displaced Homemakers Self-Sufficiency Assistance
Chapter 26. National Center for the Workplace
Chapter 27. Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations
Chapter 28. Family and Medical Leave
Chapter 29. Workers Technology Skill Development
Chapter 30. Workforce Investment Systems
Chapter 31. Assistive Technology For Individuals With Disabilities
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9. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Code of Federal Regulations
CFR
Codification of rules
Published in Federal Register
Divided 50 titles
Updated once each year
Titles divided in Chapters
Chapters divided in Parts
Parts are organized in sections
The CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Each volume of the CFR is updated once each calendar year and is issued on a quarterly basis.
Titles 1-16 are updated as of January 1st
Titles are updated as of April 1st
Titles are updated as of July 1st
Titles are updated as of October 1st
Each title is divided into chapters, which usually bear the name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into parts that cover specific regulatory areas. Large parts may be subdivided into subparts. All parts are organized in sections, and most citations in the CFR are provided at the section level. A list of agencies and where they appear in the CFR may be found in Appendix C of the U.S. Government Manual.
The online CFR is a joint project authorized by the publisher, the National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) Office of the Federal Register (OFR), and the Government Printing Office (GPO) to provide the public with enhanced access to Government information.
CFR volumes are added to GPO Access concurrent with the release of the paper editions. When revised CFR volumes are added, the prior editions remain on GPO Access as a historical set. Some CFR records on GPO Access date back to 1996; all titles are available from 1997 to the current year. Documents are available as ASCII text and PDF files.
NOTE: "[Reserved]" is a term used as a place holder within the Code of Federal Regulations. An agency uses "[Reserved]" to simply indicate that it may insert regulatory information into this location some time in the future. Occasionally "[Reserved]" is used to indicate that a portion of the CFR was intentionally left empty and not accidentally dropped due to a printing or computer error.
Due to the update schedule of the CFR, the List of Sections Affected (LSA) provides a cumulative list of CFR sections that have been changed at any time since each CFR title was last updated.
Documents are available in PDF and ASCII text formats. The Code of Federal Regulations is available on GPO Access from 1996 (partial) forward.
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10. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Part
29 CFR 1910 General Industry
CFR 1926 Construction Industry
29 CFR Marine
Shipyard Employment
29 CFR Marine Terminals
19 CFR Marine Safety
and Health Long shoring
CFR Title 29, Chapter XVII is set aside for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Under this chapter, the regulations are broken down into Parts, Sections, and Subsections. Part 1910, for example, is the, "Occupational Safety and Health Standards," commonly known as the "General Industry Standards." Under each part, major blocks of information are broken down into Subparts. Each Subpart is further broken down into sections. Part 1926, Construction Industry and Part 1915,1917 and Maritime Industry.
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11. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
The paragraph numbering system shown in the example below represents many of the organizational concepts presented in the Standards. We’ll use an example from Section 451 of the 1926 standards. Here we will cover the first portion of the paragraph numbering system.
29 CFR (g) (1)
Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii)
of this section establish the types of fall
protection to be provided to the employees
on each type of scaffold.
(See Handout #8b)
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12. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Section head orange
Subsection Headings Yellow
Arabic Numbers blue dot
Lower case Roman green dot
highlight every section head a full column width in orange. All of the subsection headings, that is the (a), (b), (c), etc., should be colored a full column width with yellow. At this point the purpose of color coding becomes more apparent when you realize an Arabic “1” in typeset looks exactly like the lower case alpha letter (l), and it is obviously important to differentiate between them . Another case is the lower case alpha (I) which is the same typeset as lower case roman numeral (I). Obviously, color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The next step is to put a blue dot on all of the Arabic numbers. We can now easily find the beginning of each subsection beginning with a lower case alpha by looking for the horizontal yellow lines. Another case is the lower case roman numeral the next step is to put a green dot in the lower case roman numeral. Obviously color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The next step is to put a blue dot on all of the Arabic numbers. We can now easily find the beginning of each subsection beginning with a lower case alpha by looking for the horizontal yellow lines. Another case is the lower case roman numeral the next step is to put a green dot in the lower case roman numeral. Obviously color coding eliminates the possible confusion. The Arabic number subparagraphs are easily located by the blue dots. Generally speaking, color coding two levels below the section heading will be adequate. In summary, you are now prepared to color code those particular sections of the standards which you use frequently. If you try to locate information within the standards by using the Table of Contents, remember that the particular Section number contained on each page is printed in the upper corner of the page. Hopefully this information will help you understand these standards and also assist you in helping others to understand and better utilize the Occupational Safety and Health Standards.
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13. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
1926 Subpart- A General
1926 Subpart- B General Interpretation
1926 Subpart- C General Safety and Health Provisions
1926 Subpart- D Occupational Health and Environment Controls
1926 Subpart- E Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
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14. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Subpart of CFR 1926
1926 Subpart- F Fire Protection and Prevention
1926 Subpart - G Signs, Signals and Barricades
1926 Subpart- H Material Handling,
Storage, Use and Disposal
1926 Subpart- I Tools- Hand
and Power
1926 Subpart - J Welding and
Cutting
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15. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Subpart of CFR 1926
1926 Subpart- K Electrical
1926 Subpart - L Scaffolds
1926 Subpart- M Fall Protection
1926Subpart - N Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators and Conveyors
1926 Subpart- O Motor Vehicles
Mechanized Equipment, and
Marine Operations
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16. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Subpart of CFR 1926
1926 Subpart- P Excavation
1926 Subpart - Q Concrete and Masonry Construction
1926 Subpart- R Steel Erection
1926 Subpart- S Under Ground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams, and Compressed Air
1926 Subpart- T Demolition
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17. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Subpart of CFR 1926
1926 Subpart- U Blasting and the use of Explosives
1926 Subpart - V Power Transmission
and Distribution
1926 Subpart- W Rollover Protection
Structures; Overhead Protection
1926 Subpart- X Stairways & Ladders
1926 Subpart- Y Commercial Diving
Operations
1926 Subpart- Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances
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18. OSHA STANDARDS PRESENTATION
Directives are Instructions to the Compliance Safety and Health
Officers (CSHO)
Letters of interpretation are OSHA
official responses to written
question
Directives are the documents that provide OSHA.s operating procedures and assure consistency within the agency. Directive are instructions to the Compliance Safety and Health Officers ( CSHO ). Directives are federal compliance operating procedures which relate to enforcement of particular Standard . They include the types of information that helps to clarify the intent of the standard.
CPL ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE Reserved Inspection Policies             Safety             Health             Discrimination             Reserved National Emphasis Programs Local Emphasis Programs Review Commission
Letters of interpretation are OSHA official responses to written questions about compliance with the agency’s requirements, interpretation are explanations of standards and their workplace application ,addressing scope and limitations and any other questions related to application and situation. Interpretations are not intended to change, modify or cancel standards.
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19. CB103 OSHA Standards

20. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA requirements.
It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many construction workplaces.
It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site - or hazard-specificity - a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.
It is assumed that individuals using this presentation, or content, to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences.
No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of recommendation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of each employer contractor and their employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available form your local OSHA office. This presentation is intended to discuss Federal Regulations only – your individual State requirements may be more stringent.
As a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.
CB103 OSHA Standards