1. FILE UPLOADS CHAPTER 11

2. THE BASIC PROCESS 1.The HTML form displays the control to locate and upload a file 2.Upon form submission, the server first stores the uploaded file in a temporary directory for validation 3.The php script then needs to copy the uploaded file to its intended directory

3. THE HTML Select File: For this enctype, the post method must be used!

4. THE GLOBAL PHP $_FILES ARRAY The first parameter is the variable name from the form's input file element The second index can be any of the following: $_FILES['file']['name'] - the name of the uploaded file $_FILES['file']['type'] - the MIME (content) type of the uploaded file as provided by the browser $_FILES['file']['size'] - the size in bytes of the uploaded file $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'] - the name of the temporary copy of the file stored on the server $_FILES['file']['error'] - the error code resulting from the file upload

5. MIME TYPES

6. SECURITY ISSUES For file uploads to be saved permanently, the containing directory needs to have write permissions assigned to it. This means that virtually anyone can write to it. A malicious user could save a problematic PHP script there. But if it is outside of the public_html directory, it can't be run by a browser. So create an uploads folder in your /home/usr/directory, and set permissions to 777, so that the files can be saved (written) there.

7. THE UPLOAD PHP

8. RECALL THE HTTP REQUEST/RESPONSE CYCLE Request Response headers

9. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES Because the images are stored outside of the public_html directory, they are not available to Web browsers So these don't work: direct http:// reference an HTML tag To make the content available through a web browser, you need a proxy script….

10. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES A proxy script acts as the go-between from the user's browser to the images' location and back again. In a response to a browser, there are a series of HTTP headers sent along with the HTML.

11. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES The header () function: There are several strings which can be used in the header function. The most common use is: header('Location: http://…..'); which redirects the browser to a new page without requiring the user to click on anything. This will be used in Chapter 12.

12. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES To display images, we need three other headers: header("Content-Type:….."); sends the MIME type of whatever follows header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename =\"somefile.xxx\"\n"); tells the browser to download the file. Alternatively, change attachment to inline to tell the browser to display the data. header("Content-Length: xxx\n"); the size in bytes

13. HEADER FUNCTION When using headers, the code for the header() function call must come before anything is returned to the Web browser When multiple header calls are used in one script each should be terminated with \n

14. FUNCTIONS USED TO RETRIEVE AND DISPLAY IMAGES scandir (string $dir)Returns an array of all files and directories found in the specified path substr (string $string, int $start [, int $length ] ) Returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters filesize (string $filename )Returns the size of the file in bytes, or FALSE in case of an error getimagesize (string $filename [, array &$imageinfo ] Determines the size of any given image file and returns an array containing the dimensions along with the file type and a height/width text string to be used inside a normal HTML IMG tag and the corresponding HTTP content type urlencode (string $str )Returns a string in a format which is safe to pass in a URL readfile (string $filename)Reads in a file and immediately sends the content to the Web browser

15. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES Functions to use: scandir() - returns a list of files and directories as an array The code: $dir = '../../uploads'; // Define the directory to view. echo $dir; $files = scandir($dir); // Read all the images into an array.

16. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES Process every image in the array skipping any hidden files which start with a period (non- Windows) substr (string $string, int $start [, int $length ] ) Returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters. foreach ($files as $image) { if (substr($image, 0, 1) != '.') { // Ignore anything starting with a period.

17. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES getimagesize(); The getimagesize() function will determine the size of any given image file and return the dimensions along with the file type and a height/width text string to be used inside a normal HTML IMG tag and the corresponding HTTP content type.

18. DISPLAYING THE IMAGES // Get the image information $info = getimagesize($image); $fs = filesize($image); // Send the content information: header ("Content-Type: {$info['mime']}\n"); header ("Content-Disposition: inline; filename=\"$name\"\n"); header ("Content-Length: $fs\n"); // Send the file: readfile ($image); // There is no closing php tag intentionally to avoid sending //anything extra