1. U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis Presented to Professor Castillo-Ponce Presented by Qian Sun Man Ying Ha Econ 490 / Winter 2008

2. Subprime Mortgage Crisis  Sharp rise in home foreclosures in late 2006  Only 9% in 1996, 13% in 1999, 20% in 2006  $1.3 Trillion subprime mortgage as of March 2007  The delinquency rate had risen to 21% by 2008  Subprime Borrowers For poor credit history Limited income  Subprime Lenders Greater risks High returns

3. New Model of Mortgage Lending Source: BBC News

4. Causes of the Crisis  The Housing Downturn Excess supply of home inventory Sales volume of new homes dropped Reduced market prices (10.4% 12/06-12/07) Increasing foreclosure rates  Borrowers Difficulties in re-financing Begin to default on loans Walk away from properties Fraudulent misrepresentations

5. Causes of the Crisis  Financial Institutions Attraction from high returns Offered high-risk loan and incentives Believes that will pass on the risk to others  Securitization Mortgage backed securities Risk readily transferred to other investors From 54% in 2001 to 75% in 2006

6. Causes of the Crisis  Government and Regulators Community Reinvestment Act, encourages the development of the subprime debacle Glass-Steagall Act contributes to the subprime crisis (FDIC back up)  Central banks Less concerned with avoiding asset bubbles React after bubbles burst to minimize the impact No determination on monetary policy Institutions risk more because of Fed’s rescue

7. Direct Impacts of the Crisis  Stock Market 08/15/07 Dow Jones had dropped below 13,000 from July’s 14000 First 3 weeks of 08, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 9% 1/18/08 Dow Jones/0.5%, S&P 500/0.6%, and NASDAQ/0.3% 01/21/08 (black Monday) the world’s biggest falls since Sept. 11, 2001

8. Direct Impacts of the Crisis  Financial Institutions – Bankruptcy New Century Financial (USA)– Apr. 2, 2007 American Home Mortgage (USA) – Aug. 6, 2007 Sentinel management Group (USA) – Aug. 17, 2007 Ameriquest (USA) – Aug. 31, 2007 NetBank (USA) – Sept. 30, 2007 Terra Securities (Norway) – Nov. 28, 2007 American Freedom Mortgage Inc. (USA) – Jan. 30, 2007

9. Direct Impacts of the Crisis  Financial Institutions – Write-Downs Citigroup (USA) - $24.1 bln Merrill Lynch (USA) - $22.5 bln UBS AG (Switzerland) - $16.7 bln Morgan Stanley (USA) - $10.3 Credit Agricole (France) - $4.8 bln HSBC (United Kingdom) - $3.4 bln Bank of America (USA) - $5.28 bln CIBC (Canada) – 3.2 bln Deutsche Bank (Germany) - $3.1 bln By 02/19/08 losses or write-downs > U.S. $150 bln Be expected exceeding $200 - $400 bln

10. Domestic Impacts of the Crisis  Home Owners Housing prices down 10.4% in Dec. 07 vs. year-ago Sales of new homes dropped by 26.4% in 07 vs. 06 By Jan. 2008, the inventory of unsold new homes stood at 9.8 months, the highest level since 1981. Two million families will be evicted from their homes  Minorities Disproportionate level of foreclosures in minority 46% Hispanics, 55% blacks got higher cost loans

11. Domestic Impacts of the Crisis  Economy Condition Recession Low GDP growth rate Business close out or lose money (banks, builders etc.) Weak financial market Low consumer spending Lose jobs  Other credit markets Credit card Car loan

12. Global Impacts of the Crisis  Investors will be very cautious to act Lack confidence in stock/bound market  Consumer spending will slowdown Lack of cash or unwilling to spend  World economy may slip into recession U.S. economy condition will affect global economy  GDP growth will be low Lose businesses Lose jobs Economy slow down

13. Global Impacts of the Crisis  Financial market May take long time to recover  Unemployment rate may be high Slow economy increase unemployment rate  Exports will decrease in China, Korea, Taiwan GDP growth heavily depends on export

14. Government and Central Banks’ Actions  08/2007, President Bush announced – Hope New Alliance  02/13/08, President signed a tax rebates of $168 bln  09/18/07, the Fed dropped rate ½ point  10/31/07, ¼ point cut by Fed  12/11/07, ¼ point cut by Fed  01/22/08 the Fed slashed the rate by 3/4 points to 3.5%  01/30/08 another cut of 1/2 points to 3%  Central Banks have pumped billions of dollars to banks  Central Banks of the world have done the same thing

15. Forecasting  Two Different Opinions: 1. The crisis won’t affect global economy deeply 2. The crisis will lead the global economy to recession Alan Greenspan stated: ”The current credit crisis will come to an end when the overhang of inventories of newly built homes in largely liquidated, and home price deflation comes to an end... After a period of protracted adjustment, the U.S. economy, and the world economy more generally, will be able to get back to business.”

16. Thank You!