1. Computer Skills
CIS-100
CH 1

2. General Information Computer Skills - 2013 Course Website : Textbook
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Course Website :
Textbook
Computer Skills
Textbook Cover

3. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer
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4. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer
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Definition of Computers.
Benefits (functions) of Computers.
Computer hardware.
Operating systems (their definition and functions).
Classification of computers
Computer Problems and Viruses
Definition of data, information and knowledge.

5. What is Computer A computer is a programmable machine.
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A computer is a programmable machine.
general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations.
The first electronic digital computers were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United Kingdom and United States.
See Page # 3

6. A Computer System (Contd.)
In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output.
Processing
Data
Information

7. Computer Components
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Hardware
Software

8. Hardware Tangible objects
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Tangible objects
The actual machinery, wires, transistors, and circuits.

9. Devices that comprise a computer system
Monitor (output)
Speaker (output)
System unit
(processor, memory…)
Printer (output)
Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…)
Mouse (input)
Scanner (input)
Keyboard (input)

10. Software
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Computer Programs
instructions and data 

11. Central processing Unit Memory Unit Mass storage Unit
Computer Units
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Input Unit
Output Unit
Central processing Unit
Memory Unit
Mass storage Unit
See Page # 4

12. Computer Units
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13. Computer Hardware
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14. Input Unit used to provide data and control signals to a Computer.
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used to provide data and control signals to a Computer.
Provide data in a form understandable by computer (Computer Language)
Main examples Keyboard and mouse

15. Input Unit Keyboard Mouse
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Keyboard
has characters printed on the keys and each press
Different buttons with different types and functions
To know Keyboard buttons types see page 8 figure 4.
Mouse
is a pointing device that functions by detecting two- dimensional  motion

16. Input Unit
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17. Input Unit Sample Questions What is the main purpose of input Unit.
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Sample Questions
What is the main purpose of input Unit.
List 3 examples of Input Devices
The main examples of Input devices are
One of the following is an example of Input devices

18. Output Unit
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used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by the processing unit.
converts the electronically generated information into human- readable form.

19. Output devices Examples
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A monitor 
What CRT and LCD stands for?
Which type is more familiar these days ?
See Page # 9

20. Output devices Examples
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2. Printer
transfers data from a computer onto paper
Compare between the two main types of printers?

21. Central Processing Unit
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CPU
known as microprocessor or processor
It is responsible for all functions and processes

22. CPU Components The CPU is comprised of three main parts
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The CPU is comprised of three main parts
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Control Unit (CU)
Registers: Stores the data that is to be executed next.

23. ALU which executes all arithmetic and logical operations.
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which executes all arithmetic and logical operations.
Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
Logical operation like compare numbers, letters, or special characters
What is the different between Arithmetic and logical operations?

24. Control Unit (CU) controls and co-ordinates computer components.
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controls and co-ordinates computer components.
Read the code for the next instruction to be executed.
Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction.
Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory.
Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.
If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested operation.

25. Registers
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Registers are temporary storage areas which are responsible for holding the data that is to be processed.
Are very fast storage area

26. Memory Unit Main Memory (Primary) Secondary Memory
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Computer Memory is divided into two main types
Main Memory (Primary)
Secondary Memory
See figure 8 Page 13

27. RAM ROM Primary Memory Main Examples of the primary memory are
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Main Examples of the primary memory are
RAM
ROM

28. RAM Stand for Random Access Memory
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Stand for Random Access Memory
responsible for storing data on a temporary basis.
It is volatile memory
What volatile means ?
Why the RAM is considered As “Random Access”?

29. ROM Stand for Read Only Memory is a permanent form of storage
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Stand for Read Only Memory
is a permanent form of storage
Programmed at manufacturing time

30. Secondary Memory Stores data and programs permanently
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Stores data and programs permanently
its retained after the power is turned off
Main Examples
Hard Disk
Optical Disk
Flash memory

31. Hard Disk Called Disk drive or HDD
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Called Disk drive or HDD
stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data.
Stores data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

32. Optical Disk & Flash
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an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light to store data.
There are three main types of optical media: CD, DVD, and Blu-ray disc
What is CD, DVD, Blu-ray stand for?
What is the average capacity for each type?

33. RAM V.s Hard Disk
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What are the differences between RAM as a main memory and HDD as a Secondary Memory.
See Table 2 Page 15

34. Software organized collections of computer data and instructions
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organized collections of computer data and instructions
two major categories:
system software
application software

35. System software Known as Operating System
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Known as Operating System
is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system
Windows is an example of OS.
List 3 other example of System Software?

36. Application Software
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is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system.
Two types
software package: single program
software suite: multiple program

37. System Software V.s Application Software
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Compare between System Software and application one based on these factors
Definition
Examples
User Interaction
Dependency
See Table 3 Page 17 to checkup your answer

38. Computer Languages
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languages that is used to communicate with computers.
Two main Types
Machine language
Machine language is referred as the binary language
machine dependent
High level language
Easy to write and understand (unlike machine)
It was in 1957 that a high level language called FORTRAN was developed by IBM
List some examples of High level language?

39. Unit of Measurements - Storage
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Storage Units
Bit
BIT
0 or 1
Byte B
8 bits
Kilobyte KB
1024 bytes
Megabyte MB
1024 kilobytes
Gigabyte GB
1024 megabytes
Terabyte TB
1024 gigabytes

40. Unit of Measurements - Storage
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Sample Question
3MB equivalent to ___________ Byte
A file with size 3GB required __________ CDs to store it
Each symbol in a keyboard like ‘A’ required ____________ to store it?

41. Unit of Measurement -Speed
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The speed of CPU measured by unit called Hertz (Hz)
1 Hz represent 1 cycle per second.
The speed of CPU is known as Computer Speed.

42. Computer Classification
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Computers can be classified by size and power to:
Personal computer (PCs)
Workstation:
Minicomputer
Mainframe:
SuperComputer

43. Computer Classification
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Compare between the previous type of computers based on
Price
Processing Speed
Storage Capacity
Powerful
Single-user or Multi-user
Computer Size
Companies size

44. Laptop computer is a portable computer.
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is a portable computer.
personal computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of locations.
run the same software and applications in PCs

45. Laptop computer How is a Laptop Different from a Desktop?
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How is a Laptop Different from a Desktop?
Touchpad
Battery
AC Adapter
Ports
See page 22 for more details

46. Netbook Computer
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A netbook is a type of laptop that is designed to be even more portable.
Cheaper and less powerful  than laptops or desktops.
Why its called as Netbook?
Compare between laptop size and Netbook size?

47. Mobile Devices Tablet Computers E-Book Readers Smartphones
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A mobile device is basically any handheld computer.
It is designed to be extremely portable.
Some mobile devices are more powerful
Types:
Tablet Computers
E-Book Readers
Smartphones

48. Tablet Computers designed to be portable.
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designed to be portable.
The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have keyboards or touchpads.
Best used for tasks like web browsing, watching videos, reading e- books, and playing games.

49. Tablet Computers
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some of the main features that you can expect with a tablet computer
Mobile OS
Solid-State Drives
Wi-Fi and 3G/4G
Bluetooth
Give an example of a tablet Computer?
Give an example of Tablet OS?

50. E-Book Readers E-Paper display LCD display called e-readers
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called e-readers
similar to tablet computers, except they are mainly designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books)
Two Types
E-Paper display
LCD display
What is the main difference between these types?
Give an example of E-book reader?

51. Smartphones a powerful mobile phone
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a powerful mobile phone
designed to run a variety of applications in addition to phone service.
Compare it with the tablet?
Internet access is an important feature of smartphones. (3G or 4G)(Wi-Fi Service)
What a bout PDA?

52. Data, Information and Knowledge
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Data:
Facts and figures which relay something specific
but which are not organized in any way and which provide no further information regarding patterns
unstructured facts and figures

53. Data, Information and Knowledge
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Information:
For data to become information, it must be contextualized, categorized, calculated and condensed. (Processing)
it is data with relevance and purpose.

54. Data, Information and Knowledge
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Knowledge:
Knowledge is closely linked to doing and implies know-how and understanding.
Processing Information

55. Data, Information and Knowledge
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Data: symbols
Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions
Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions

56. Data, Information and Knowledge
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57. Data, Information and Knowledge
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Processing data produces information, and processing information produces knowledge.

58. Characteristics of Computer
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Speed 
Accuracy 
Diligence 
Storage Capability 
Versatility 
List some of computer Limitations?
See page # 29

59. Computer Problems The Computer Won’t Start The Screen is Blank
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The Computer Won’t Start
The Screen is Blank
Abnormally Functioning Operating System or Software
Windows Won’t Boot
The Screen is frozen

60. Computer Problems Computer is Slow Strange Noises Slow Internet
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Computer is Slow
Strange Noises
Slow Internet
Overheating
Dropped Internet Connections
List one action to solve each of the above problem?

61. Viruses: E-mail viruses: Trojan horses: Worms: Malicious Software
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Viruses:
viruses:
Trojan horses:
Worms:

62. Viruses
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A computer virus is an application program designed and written to destroy other programs.
A virus is a small piece of software that piggybacks on real programs
virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program
and it has the chance to reproduce (by attaching to other programs)

63. viruses:
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virus travels as an attachment to messages
Replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people in the victim's address book.
How to a void this type of virus?

64. Trojan horses simply a computer program
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simply a computer program
The program claims to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does damage when you run it
How this type is different from Viruses?

65. Worms
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A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole.

66. How do you know if you have a virus?
Malicious Software
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How do you know if you have a virus?
Lack of storage capability
Decrease in the speed of executing programs
Unexpected error messages
Halting the system

67. Tips to avoid viruses and lessen their impact?
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Delete s from unknown or suspicious, untrustworthy (unreliable) sources, especially those with files attached to an .
Never open a file attached to an unless you know what it is, even if it appears to come from a friend.
Download files from the Internet only from legitimate and reputable sources.
Update your antivirus software at least every two weeks as over 200 viruses are discovered each month.
Backup your files periodically

68. Look at chapter Questions Page 34 & 35
The End
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Look at chapter Questions Page 34 & 35