1. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope The History of Modern Democratic Turkish Republic Tial / Rize

2. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the new Republican Parliament in 1922. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War

3. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope Single-party period, 1923–1946 The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924.

4. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education; the discontinuation of religious and other titles; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled after Switzerland's

5. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope A penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of full political rights to women on 5 December 1934; the language reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish Language Association; replacement of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin alphabet, the dress law (the wearing of a fez, is outlawed); the law on family names; and many others.

6. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope D D O O M M E E The Wind of Change The Chronology of Major Democratic Reforms November 1, 1922: Abolition of the office of the Ottoman Sultan October 29, 1923: Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey March 3, 1924: Abolition of the office of Caliphate held by the Ottoman Caliphate November 25, 1925: Change of headgear and dress

7. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope D D O O M M E E TheWind of Change The Chronology of Major Democratic Reforms November 30, 1925: Closure of religious convents and dervish lodges March 1, 1926: Introduction of the new penal law October 4, 1926: Introduction of the new civil code November 1, 1928: Adoption of the new Turkish alphabet

8. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope D D O O M M E E The Wind of Change The Chronology of Major Democratic Reforms June 21, 1934: Introduction of the law on family names November 26, 1934: Abolition of titles and by- names December 5, 1934: Full political rights, to vote and be elected, to women. February 5, 1937: The inclusion of the principle of laïcité in the constitution.

9. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope The first party to be established in the newly formed republic was the Women's Party. It was founded by Nezihe Muhiddin and several other women but was stopped from its activities, since during the time women were not yet legally allowed to engage in politics. The actual passage to multi-party period was first attempted with the Liberal Republican Party by Ali Fethi Okyar. The Liberal Republican Party was dissolved on 17 November 1930 and no further attempt for a multi-party democracy was made until 1945

10. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope Multi-party period, 1946 – Present In 1946, İnönü's ( Atatürk’s Successor) government organized multi-party elections, which were won by his party. He remained as the president of the country until 1950. He is still remembered as one of the key figures of Turkey The real multi-party period begins with the election of the Democratic Party government in 1950.The government of Adnan Menderes (1950-1960)

11. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES TRTR D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope A series of economic shocks led to new elections in 2002, bringing into power the conservative Justice and Development Party (AK Party) of the former mayor of Istanbul, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The political reforms of the AK Party has ensured the beginning of the negotiations with the European Union. The AK Party again won the 2007 elections, which followed the controversial August 2007 presidential election, during which AK Party member Abdullah Gül was elected President

12. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope D emocracy AKP is the only government in Turkish political history that has managed to win three general elections in a row with an increasing amount of votes received in each one. The AKP has positioned itself in the midpoint of the Turkish political scene, much thanks to the stability brought by steady economic growth and democratic regulations since they came to power in 2002. 2013 figures showed a 9% GDP growth for Turkey.

13. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionCreative Commons Attribution © Copyright Showeet.com E RASMUS P LUS TURKEY Y OUNG VOıCES ıN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACıES D D O O M M E E Democracy Of ModernEurope O pportunities Tevfik İleri Anadolu Lisesi Rize / TURKEY Thank You !!!