1. Distribution Technologies to Support Predictable Tactical Distribution CRSP Yard Management Tool June 10, 2012 Concept Brief Briefers: Dr. Kevin Barry, LTC(Ret) James Henderson Distribution Statement: FOUO

2. Outline TeCD Context Requirements Problem Description Solution Concept Distribution Hub Tool

3. Challenge: Formulate a S&T program to leverage all available conveyance modes to ensure timely supply delivery, to increase the reliability and effectiveness of the tactical supply chain, to be able to predict when and where all classes of supplies will be needed, all while optimizing energy efficiency of delivery platforms. The capability must provide accurate tracking and tasking of assets for supply and transport management and provide delivery options to commanders that can mitigate force structure limitations as well as enemy or terrain interference. Problem Statement: The Army needs improved capability to tactically transport, reliably distribute and accurately track all classes of supplies to Forward Operating Bases (FOBs) and smaller satellite bases in remote, dispersed, austere locations with reduced supplier and equipment risk to include improved efficient and safe methods for equipment retrograde operations and maximizing use of energy efficient platforms. Objectives: Near term (FY17): Improve ability to manage, track, redirect, account for and distribute supplies to support forced entry, early entry, and non-contiguous operations in an energy efficient manner. Challenge Boundary Conditions: Who: For Forward Operating Bases with applications to expeditionary bases (Small Units in COPs and PBs) What: Rapidly deliver significant quantities (volume, weight, etc) of supplies. Air drop and convoy operations - develop ability to conduct rapid movement of emergency, planned, or critical logistics support that enables precise delivery of supplies and repair parts to forward battlefield locations, medical operations and relief operations How: Worldwide expeditionary operations based on regional threat environment. Sustainability/Logistics – Transport, Distribute & Retrograde

4. Clear Cut Requirements USTRANSCOM Joint Deployment and Distribution Capability Gaps, 10 February 2010 Operational Needs Statement (ONS) OEF Strategic Shipment TMR Generation/Tracking, 26 MAY 2011 Tier 2 Warfighter Outcome (WFO) S-12, Anticipatory Sustainment and Improved Distribution:  The Future Force needs improved intelligent anticipatory tools and capabilities to manage, track, redirect, account for, and distribute supplies in an automated manner to provide improved asset visibility and understand demand. The Future Force requires the ability to provide logistics support for forced entry, early entry, and non- contiguous operations.

5. Tier 3 – FY12 Warfighter Outcome – Sustainment S-8Reliability, Prognostics, and Diagnostics The Future Force requires significantly improved reliability for all air, ground, water, and C4ISR systems to increase availability, enhance soldier protection, reduce logistic support, and cut life cycle costs by at least 50 percent of current cost. The Future Force requires embedded prognostics and improved diagnostics to predict, isolate and locate system degradation and failures. S-10Unmanned Systems - Support The Future Force requires unmanned systems to support sustainment tasks, functions, and missions of: supply, deploy, employ, re-deploy, reset, distribution, and services, including unmanned air and ground delivery systems from home station to deployed locations. The Future Force requires unmanned systems that perform tele- medicine/surgery. S-12Anticipatory Sustainment and Improved Distribution The Future Force needs improved intelligent anticipatory tools and capabilities to manage, track, redirect, account for, and distribute supplies in an automated manner to provide improved asset visibility and understand demand. The Future Force requires the ability to provide logistics support for forced entry, early entry, and non-contiguous operations. S-13Improved Inter-Modal Platforms, Technologies, and Techniques The Future Force requires faster, more efficient and effective deployment and sustainment of forces via improved inter-modal platforms, technologies and techniques. Enablers should include air and ground delivery systems as well as packing, tracking, temperature control and reporting capabilities. Aerial delivery should become the routine method of distribution. TECD 4b Transport, Distribute & Retrograde Tier 2 – FY12 Warfighter Outcome (Sustainment)

6. Military Logistics Problem Definition ENTRY SUSTAINMENT WITHDRAWAL TerrainWeatherEnemyForce Structure Remote Operations Austere Environment Non-Contiguous Asset Visibility alone will not solve this problem

7. SUSTAINMENT – How Done Today & Limits of Current Practices Today Asset Visibility is limited as items transition from the strategic move into the tactical move Tactical movement information is scattered throughout multiple systems and networks Manual processes (Excel spreadsheets) are used to fill technology gaps. CRSP Yard SPOD Transfer Point MCT FOB COP PB FOB PB STRATEGIC MOVEMENT (USTRANSCOM) TACTICAL ONWARD MOVEMENT (THEATER SUPPORT COMMAND) Riga Latvia Transfer Point Russia Kazakhstan Termez, Uzbekistan Afghanistan Border Bagram LSA Kabal Jalalabad Logistical Passage of Lines

8. Asset Visibility (ITV) IGC GTN GTA SMS BDSS DTCI WWX MCC GATES USMC/Savi WPS IRRIS DLA DSS ISDDC LTMITV USCENTAF/S avi CMOS TDMS AFCENT/Savi RF-ITV AV Savi Network MTS BFT TC AIMS II TOPS AMR AMFT-ITV TIS GLOBE BCS3 STRATEGICTACTICAL Current Limitations Stove-piped Limited ability to share information between systems No sharing between strategic and tactical level ITV Army has AV but not Total Asset Visibility Manually entering data into Excel spreadsheets Army Needs Enterprise Awareness

9. Logistics Information Systems (Strategic and Tactical) Distribution Data alternative analysis, optimization/simulation, and COP distribution network analysis, forecasting, and flow control location, movement, purpose, and destination Visibility Predict Optimization FY14 Today FY16 Model distribution network for predicting network flow Leverage existing system feeds Tracking and watch capabilities (including mobile devices) COP with drill down (details) and through (time) querying Collect, integrate, organize, and share data for spatial and temporal processing M&S provides options based on changing priorities FY15 Asset Visibility – Less Than Halfway There

10. Complexity of Network – Ground Lines Of Communication

11. Complexity of Network - Air and Multimodal LoC

12. Political Unrest Expanding Militancy Host Government Rule Uncertainty Economic Issues Visibility Issues Border delays Theft & pilferage Weather Road conditions Attacks Labor issues Tough Distribution Environment

13. Responsible Drawdown Trans-Siberian Rail Northern Distribution Network 3PL Managed Operations Multi-modal Operations Increasingly complex operations… 13 Air movement synchronization Diplomatic clearances, customs, host nation processes Centralized C2, decentralized execution through 3PL Inconsistent and unpredictable volume

14. TDR Solution Concept CRSP Yard SPOD Node MCT FOB COP PB FOB PB 2. PLANNING Forecast Prediction Prioritize Movement 1.IDENTIFICATION Track Items (Watch List) – Agents Identify Priority Parameters for Prediction 3. EXECUTION Track Items (Watch List) Movement Schedules Notification Closure (Received) Primary Objectives: Accurately track Optimize use of distribution assets Provide delivery options that mitigate limitations Force Structure Enemy Terrain Improve energy efficiency Improve distribution safety Provide improved intelligent anticipatory tools

15. Distribution Hub (CRSP Yard) Without Distribution Hub: m suppliers and n customers = mn direct shipments Each shipment relatively smaller Subject to higher, less-than- truckload rates With Distribution Hub: Only m + n shipments Each shipment larger Lower, full-truckload rates Distribution Hubs are here to stay Key part of distribution process Occur every time there is a change in conveyance mode Occur across all levels of command

16. Tactical Distribution Products Tactical Distribution System Description Identify and prioritize onward movement so gaining unit can predict arrival Transition Partners SDDC (TRANSCOM) PEO-EIS PEO-C3T NGWC User TSC/ESC (ID flow, priority of support) SB/MB (movement priority) CRSP Yard Management System Description Management tool providing visibility and accountability between multiple transit nodes irrespective of command level and class of supply Transition Partners NGWC PEO-C3T CASCOM/Transportation Corps User TSC/ESC (SPO section for each commodity) MCB/MCT (see priority, produce movement schedule) SB & Subordinates (manage, execution)

17. Tactical Logistics Network Weather Mobility Model Terrain/Hydr ology Enemy Impacts Network Model User- defined objectives, priorities Onward Movement Schedule Optimal routes Arrival time

18. Tactical Logistics Network Challenges Must solve Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) routinely and efficiently to schedule onward movement and predict arrival times NP Hard, requires novel heuristic algorithms for even moderately sized networks Challenge of dynamic updating of route conditions, non- traditional multi-objective optimization (e.g., delivery time, route safety) ERDC has unique potential to incorporate low to high- range fidelity predictions of route condition changes due to weather, hydrology Classical VRP G=(V,A) where V={0,1,..,n} is the vertex set and A={(i,j) : i,j  V, i  j} is the arc set.

19. TAV ISO Container MANIFEST M MMM Blue Force Tracker (BFT) NGWC NGWC Gateway Device M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Arrival Yard CRSP & Staff Interactive Worksheet Inbound Watch List CRSP & Staff Interactive Worksheet Sustainment Shipments Holding Yard CRSP & Staff Interactive Worksheet Deployment Holding Yard (Container & Rolling Stock Lanes) CRSP & Staff Interactive Worksheet Frustrated Yard CRSP & Staff Interactive Worksheet SPO Future Projected Requirements M TMRs/AMRs Listing sent to MCT/MCB Awaiting Movement NGWC NGWC Gateway Device Outbound Watch List Gaining Unit Interactive Worksheet 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mesh Characteristics Interface with the Existing aRFID Tag-to-Tag Communications Interface Existing Backhaul Communications Low Power, Low Signature Relatively Short Range Information Assured (IA) Self Forming/Healing Adhoc Properties Mesh NetworkYard OperationsStaff Management M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M CRSP Yard & Staff Interactive Worksheets Process RQT-MPE-43 RQT-MPE-44 RQT-MPE-45 RQT-MPE-46 RQT-MPE-47 RQT-MPE-48 RQT-MPE-49 RQT-MPE-50 RQT-MPE-51

20. Mid-Term and Final Exams CERDEC APG Network Optimization CERDEC Fort Dix Single Subnet, Hardware, Soldier Use NIE Fort Bliss, TX Multi-Subnet, Network Integration, Multi-Soldier Use NTC Full-scale, operational evaluation

21. CRSP Yard SPOD Transfer Point MCT FOB COP PB FOB PB Riga Latvia Transfer Point Russia Kazakhstan Termez, Uzbekistan Afghanistan Border Bagram LSA Kabal Jalalabad Transition Strategy “If we had this technology, we’d use it today” “Be sure to bring this to me when you finish it” TSC/ESC – ID flow, priority of support SBs//MB – Movement Priority Who Will Use? COP – predict delivery, closure

22. Questions?

23. Back-Up Slides

24. Ideal logistical system like pipe flow – Everything moving at same speed, going same place Commercial Logistical System – Own entire system (warehouse, transportation, people) – All works same way (one process, one system) – No variability (very predictable) – Integration much easier Military Logistical System – Multiple owners, systems, players – High variability (very unpredictable) – New assignment at “B” dependent on changes that have occurred since order was placed and new reality on the ground – Fundamentally different from commercial systems which will not do this Fed Ex and UPS have major difficulties with international problem A B A C B D E F G A B C Fed Ex UPS Why Not Fed Ex?