1. Interaction Devices Interaction Devices
The Standard: QWERTY (or Sholes) Keyboard
Mobile devices are driving the need for future input devices
Pointing devices (mouse, touchscreen)
Gestural input
Two-handed input
3-d pointing
Voice input/output
Wearable devices
Whole body involvement
Niche applications
Eye-trackers
DataGloves
Haptic/force-feedback
Brain-controlled mouse movement
Perhaps the most common input mechanism today is the
The Standard: QWERTY (or Sholes) Keyboard
However Mobile devices with their smaller sizes are driving the need for futuristic input devices (e.g., touch gestures)
Pointing devices like the mouse and touch screens are of course very common.
In the Future we are likely to see applications with the following input mechanisms:
Gestural input
Two-handed input
3-d pointing
Voice input/output
Wearable devices
Whole body involvement
Niche application input devices include:
Eye-trackers
Data Gloves
Haptic devices with force-feedback
And Brain-controlled mouse movement

2. Interaction Devices Interaction Devices Multimodal interfaces
Combine several modes of input/output
E.g., voice commands with pointing devices
Likely direction
Giving users the ability to switch between modes depending on their needs
E.g., Driving a car
Operate navigation systems with touch or voice input
Invoke visual or voice output based on location (e.g., moving in traffic vs. at a stop sign)
DB adjustment for ambient noise
Context-aware computing
Sensors:
Global Positioning System (GPS)
From the output perspective,
Color Displays for desktop, laptop, and hand-held devices are very common today
Multimodal interfaces involve
Combining several modes of input/output E.g., voice commands combined with pointing devices
The Likely direction for multimodal interfaces include
Giving users the ability to switch between modes depending on their needs
E.g., while Driving a car
Operate a navigation system with touch or voice input
And be able to Invoke visual or voice output from the device based on location (e.g., while moving in traffic vs. at a stop sign)
A specific example may be asking the device what restaurants are available at the next exit
Context-aware computing involves the use of Sensors such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS). E.g., give me directions to where my friend is located.

3. Interaction Devices From the output perspective,
Color Displays for desktop, laptop, and hand-held devices are very common today
Multimodal interfaces involve
Combining several modes of input/output E.g., voice commands combined with pointing devices
The Likely direction for multimodal interfaces include
Giving users the ability to switch between modes depending on their needs
E.g., while Driving a car
Operate a navigation system with touch or voice input
And be able to Invoke visual or voice output from the device based on location (e.g., while moving in traffic vs. at a stop sign)
A specific example may be asking the device what restaurants are available at the next exit
Context-aware computing involves the use of Sensors such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS). E.g., give me directions to where my friend is located.

4. Interaction Devices Interaction Devices Context-aware computing
Sensors:
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Cell-phone sources
Wireless connections
Make detailed information available about the users surroundings
Restaurants, gas stations
Museum visitors or tourists
Auto-connect to a printer based on room location
Yelp
Privacy issues
Context-aware computing involves the use of Sensors like:
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Cell-phone sources
And Wireless connections
The location information can be used by the device to provide detailed information available about the users surroundings
Restaurants, gas stations
Museum visitors or tourists
Auto-connect to a printer based on room location
Of course with such devices Privacy issues become a concern. It is interesting to note that by law the device must provide an indicator while informs the user that their location information is publically available. The user can turn-off this feature should they not wish to share their location information.

5. Interaction Devices Keyboards and Keypads QWERTY
Beginners approximate 1 keystroke per second
Average office worker is 5 keystrokes per second (50 words per minute)
As mentioned earlier Keyboard and Keypad is mostly done through the QWERTY.
Input times range from
Beginners who approximate 1 keystroke per second to
The Average office worker who’s input rate is 5 keystrokes per second (50 words per minute)

6. Interaction Devices Keyboards and Keypads
Potential for higher rates of information input
Courtroom recorders (300 words per minute)
Piano Keyboard
Allows several finger presses at once
Responsive to different pressures and durations
Chord keyboards
One-handed keyboards
Useful for tasks requiring one hand manipulation of an object
Certain tasks require higher input rates of information
For example, Courtroom recorders input approximately 300 words per minute
One means of accomplishing this is the Piano Keyboard which
Allows several finger presses at once and
Responsive to different pressures and durations
Chord keyboards are Useful for tasks requiring one hand manipulation of an object while the other hand is used to a different task

7. Interaction Devices Keyboards and Keypads
Reduction of ulnar abduction and pronation
Ulnar tunnel syndrome
Ulnar tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the ulnar nerve at the wrist
This nerve is found on the pinkie-finger side of the wrist
Keyboards and Keypads have been designed today to
Reduce ulnar abduction and pronation
Ulnar tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the ulnar nerve at the wrist
This nerve is found on the pinkie-finger side of the wrist

8. Interaction Devices Keyboards Layouts QWERTY Dvorak
Keep frequently used letters apart,
Slow down users to avoid key jamming
Dvorak
Reduces finger travel time
Increases speed, reduces errors
While QWERY is the most common Keyboard Layout, a second layout has been provided by Dvorak
The QWERTY is designed to
Keep frequently used letters apart in order to
Slow down users to avoid key jamming
The Dvorak is designed to
Reduce finger travel time which
Increases speed and reduces errors
While the Dvorak is the better design layout, the dominance of the QWERTY prevented acceptance of the Dvorak

9. Interaction Devices Keyboards Layouts
Number Pads – phone pads versus calculator pads
Most computer keyboards use the calculator layout
Performance is slightly better with the phone layout
Keyboards Layouts also include Number Pads
One interesting comparison is the phone pad versus calculator pads and the layout of the digits
The order of digits on the phone layout is
While The order of digits on the calculator layout is
Most computer keyboards use the calculator layout
It has been discovered that Performance is slightly better with the phone layout
It is interesting to note the evolution of the phone pad as texting has become more popular with mobile devices

10. Interaction Devices Keyboards Layouts
Keyboard for those with disabilities
Combination of small hand movements and small finger presses selects the letters and controls the cursor
No finger or wrist movement is needed
Helpful to users with carpal tunnel syndrome or arthritis
Each dome slides into one of eight zones to type a character
Either dome can slide first or move both at the same time.
Domes slide toward the center of their color or character zones. (not directly at the characters)
Slide the right dome to the zone of the character you wish to type; slide the left dome to the color of that character.
Keyboard have been designed for those with disabilities
These input device Combine small hand movements and small finger presses to select letters and control the cursor
With these input devices No finger or wrist movement is needed
They are also Helpful to users with carpal tunnel syndrome or arthritis
In the diagram Each dome slides into one of eight zones to type a character
Either dome can slide first or move both at the same time.
Domes slide toward the center of their color or character zones. (not directly at the characters)
The user would Slide the right dome to the zone of the character they wish to type; and slide the left dome to the color of that character.

11. Interaction Devices Keyboards Layouts Dasher
Predicts probable characters and words as users make their selections
Continuous two dimensional pointing with a mouse, touchpad or eye-tracker
Keyboards Layouts
Dasher is an interesting design where the user enters text without a keyboard, but selects letters with a pointing device.
Dasher Predicts probable characters and words as users make their selections
Using Continuous two dimensional pointing with a mouse, touchpad or eye-tracker
Check out the demo of Dasher via the link.

12. Interaction Devices Keys Modern keyboards ½ inch square
Slightly concave surfaces
Matte finish
40 to 125 gram force
3 to 5 millimeters of displacement (when the key is pressed far enough to send a signal, both tactile and audible
Larger keys (ENTER, SHIFT, CTRL)
Keys with indicators (CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK)
Combination Keys (Ctrl-V)
Cursor movement keys
Other special keys (HOME, PAGE UP, END, PAGE DOWN)
Number Pad
The ergonomics of keys on Modern keyboards are as follows:
½ inch square
Slightly concave surfaces
Matte finish
40 to 125 gram force to activate
3 to 5 millimeters of displacement (which is how far the key is pressed before it sends a signal, both tactile and audible of feedback to the user)
Larger keys include ENTER, SHIFT, CTRL
Specific Keys have indicators (CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK)
Keys can also be used in combination with simultaneous press (Ctrl-V to paste)
Cursor movement keys are also imbedded into some keyboards
Other special keys (HOME, PAGE UP, END, PAGE DOWN) may also exist
Number Pad are also usually imbedded into the keyboard

13. Interaction Devices Keyboards and Keypads for Small Devices
Foldable Keyboards
Virtual Keyboards
Keyboards and Keypads for Small Devices
Include innovative technologies such as Foldable Keyboards and Virtual Keyboards

14. Interaction Devices Keyboards and Keypads for Small Devices
Mobile Phones and Devices
Multi-tap to select a letter
Word prediction
Palm Graffiti
Keyboards and Keypads for Small Devices
Multi-tap to select a letter
Word prediction software (e.g., T9)
Palm Graffiti is also a short-hand method to input text into small devices

15. Interaction Devices Pointing Devices Avoids learning commands
Reduces the chances of typographical errors
Keeps the user’s attention on the display
Operations
Select
Position (e.g., move)
Orient (e.g., rotate)
Path (e.g., curving line in a drawing program)
Quantity (e.g., numeric selection)
Text (e.g., enter, move, edit)
Direct Control Devices
Examples: Light Pen, Touch Screen
Indirect Control Devices
Examples: Mouse, Trackball, Joystick
Pointing Devices avoids learning commands and reduces the chances of typographical errors
Pointing Devices also Keeps the user’s attention on the display and perform the following Operations:
Select
Position (e.g., move)
Orient (e.g., rotate objects)
Path (e.g., curving line in a drawing program)
Quantity (e.g., numeric selection)
Text (e.g., enter, move, edit)
Direct Control Devices include Light Pens and Touch Screen
Indirect Control Devices include the Mouse, Trackball, and Joystick

16. Interaction Devices Pointing Devices Criteria for success
Speed and accuracy
Learning time
Cost and reliability
Size and weight
Example: Touch screen
Gestures
Touch screen is the only input that has survived the Disney theme parks
Indirect Control Pointing Devices
Eliminate hand fatigue and hand obscuring the screen of direct input
Required more cognitive processing and eye/hand coordination
Examples: Mouse, trackball, joystick, graphics tablet
Criteria for success for Pointing Devices include:
Speed and accuracy
Learning time
Cost and reliability
Size and weight
Example: Touch screen
Tap Gesture
Flick Gesture
iPhone two finger pinch gesture to expand and contract information on the display
It is interesting to note that the Touch screen is the only input technology that has survived in Disney theme parks
Indirect Control Pointing Devices
Eliminate hand fatigue and the hand obscuring the screen of direct input
They Required more cognitive processing and eye/hand coordination
Examples: include the Mouse, trackball, joystick, graphics tablet

17. Interaction Devices Comparison of Pointing Devices
Light pen and touch screen (fast but inaccurate)
Mouse (fast and accurate)
Keyboard entry in sometimes faster than the mouse (e.g., data entry)
Joysticks and trackballs are often preferred over mice by users with motor disabilities
Alternative keyboard entry should be provided
Touch screen and trackball are durable for public access
Mouse, trackball, graphic tablet and touch pad are good for pixel level pointing
Comparison of Pointing Devices reveals that:
The Light pen and touch screen (fast but inaccurate)
Mouse (fast and accurate)
Keyboard entry in sometimes faster than the mouse (e.g., data entry)
Joysticks and trackballs are often preferred over mice by users with motor disabilities
Alternative keyboard entry should be provided
Touch screen and trackball are durable for public access
Mouse, trackball, graphic tablet and touch pad are good for pixel level pointing

18. Interaction Devices Fitts’s Law
Predicts the amount of time to point at an object
Helps to decide the location and size of buttons
Helps to decide on the types of pointing devices as a function of task
The time for hand movements was dependent on the distance users had to move (D) and the target size (W)
Doubling the distance took longer, but not twice as long
Increasing the target size enabled the user to point at the object more rapidly
MT = a + b log2(D/W + 1)
a = approximates the start/stop time in seconds for a given device
b = inherent speed of the device
if a = 300 msec, b = 200 msec/bit, D = 14 cm, W = 2 cm then
MT (movement time) = 900 msec
Fitts’s Law
Predicts the amount of time to point at an object
Helps to decide the location and size of buttons
Helps to decide on the types of pointing devices as a function of task
The time for hand movements is dependent on the distance the user has to move (D) and the target size (W)
Increasing the target size enabled the user to point at the object more rapidly
The equation for Fitts’s Law is as indicated on the screen, and can be used for determining object sizes and distances on displays
MT = a + b log2(D/W + 1)
a = approximates the start/stop time in seconds for a given device
b = inherent speed of the device
if a = 300 msec, b = 200 msec/bit, D = 14 cm, W = 2 cm then
MT (movement time) = 900 msec

19. Interaction Devices Fitts’s Law
The farther away a target is, the longer it takes to acquire it with the mouse
The smaller a target is, the longer it takes to acquire it with the mouse
The inverse of both statements is true as well (closer and bigger targets can be more quickly acquired)
There are two main ways to improve mouse efficiency: put the controls closer, or make them bigger
As monitors have gotten bigger and screen resolutions have increased, Fitts' law dictates that actual mouse efficiency has gone down
In other words, the same button takes much longer to click than it did fifteen years ago
Office 2007 and Fitts' Law
Most controls in the Ribbon are labeled. This helps discoverability and usability considerably, but it also makes the buttons bigger and easier to target.
Fitts’s Law states that
The farther away a target is, the longer it takes to acquire it with the mouse
The smaller a target is, the longer it takes to acquire it with the mouse
The inverse of both statements is true as well (closer and bigger targets can be more quickly acquired)
There are two main ways to improve mouse efficiency:
First put the controls closer
Second make them bigger
As monitors have gotten bigger and screen resolutions have increased, Fitts' law dictates that actual mouse efficiency has gone down
In other words, the same button takes much longer to click than it did fifteen years ago
The relationship between Microsoft 2007 and Fitts' Law is displayed in the graphic.
Most controls in the Ribbon are labeled. This helps discoverability and usability considerably, but it also makes the buttons bigger and easier to target.

20. Interaction Devices Fitts’s Law
The Mini Toolbar was designed with Fitts' Law in mind as well. Whenever you select text or right-click selected text, a small toolbar appears directly next to the mouse cursor. As you move closer to it, it fades in; as you move away, it fades out.
The controls on the Mini Toolbar are small, but because they're located directly next to your cursor, they're easy to target
The Mini Toolbar was designed with Fitts' Law in mind as well. Whenever you select text or right-click selected text, a small toolbar appears directly next to the mouse cursor. As you move closer to it, it fades in; as you move away, it fades out.
The controls on the Mini Toolbar are small, but because they're located directly next to your cursor, they're easy to target

21. Interaction Devices Fitts’s Law Mile-High Menus and Magic Corners
One of the most useful aspects of applying Fitts' Law to computers is that screen size is bounded. No matter how far you move your mouse to the left, the cursor will never go farther than the left side of the screen
Because the Quick Access Toolbar is in the title bar, the buttons are effectively infinitely tall. You can target and click each of the buttons very quickly; they're a "mile high."
Fitts’s Law also relates to the concept of
Mile-High Menus and and Magic Corners
One of the most useful aspects of applying Fitts' Law to computers is that screen size is bounded. No matter how far you move your mouse to the left,
the cursor will never go farther than the left side of the screen
Because the Quick Access Toolbar is in the title bar, the buttons are effectively infinitely tall.
Office Button

22. Interaction Devices Novel Devices
Foot Controls – Foot Mouse (takes twice as long as a hand operated mouse)
Eye-tracking – still mostly a research tool
Data Glove
Haptic Feedback – moving a control (e.g., a mouse) and feeling resistance
Bimanual Input – non-dominant hand makes a coarse selection, the dominant hand performs a precise movement
Ubiquitous Computing
Embeds sensing technologies in a room
The user wears badges so the sensors detect the presence of a user
Application: tracking patients in a hospital
Novel Devices include:
Foot Controls which is actually a Foot Mouse (takes twice as long as a hand operated mouse). It could be useful in situations where the hands cannot perform the mouse related tasks
Eye-tracking is still mostly a research tool.
Data Glove which allows the user to interact with objects and communicate hand and finger positions and pressures back to the computer.
Haptic Feedback is often times coupled with data gloves which involves moving a object and feeling resistance
Bimanual Input involves the non-dominant hand making coarse selections, while the dominant hand performs precise movements
Ubiquitous Computing
Embeds sensing technologies in a room and
The user wears badges so the sensors detect the presence of a user
Applications include tracking patients in a hospital or firefighters in a burning building

23. Interaction Devices Novel Devices Digital Pen (by Logitech)
Records the strokes written on digital paper
When the pen is placed back in its holder, the data is transferred to the computer
Digital Microscopes
Stores magnified pictures and annotations
Additional types of Novel Devices include:
Digital Pen (by Logitech) which
Records the strokes written on digital paper and
When the pen is placed back in its holder, the data is transferred to the computer
Digital Microscopes also exist which Stores magnified pictures and allow for user annotations

24. Interaction Devices Speech and Auditory Interfaces
The vision of computers chatting with users may be more of an uninformed fantasy than a desirable reality
Voice commanding is more demanding of user’s working memory than is hand/eye coordination
Speech requires use of limited resources, while hand/eye coordination is processed elsewhere in the brain, enabling a higher level of parallel processing
Planning and problem solving can proceed in parallel with hand/eye coordination, but they are more difficult to accomplish while speaking
Variations related to speech and audio technologies
Discrete-word recognition
Continuous-speech recognition
Voice information systems
Speech generation
Non-speech auditory interfaces
With regard to Speech and Auditory Interfaces
The vision of computers chatting with users may be more of an uninformed fantasy than a desirable reality
Voice command interfaces are more demanding of user’s working memory than is hand/eye coordination
Interestingly Speech requires use of limited resources, while hand/eye coordination is processed elsewhere in the brain, enabling a higher level of parallel processing
Planning and problem solving can proceed in parallel with hand/eye coordination, but they are more difficult to accomplish while speaking
Variations related to speech and audio technologies include:
Discrete-word recognition
Continuous-speech recognition
Voice information systems
Speech generation
Non-speech auditory interfaces

25. Interaction Devices Speech Systems Siri Potential uses
Users with vision impairments
When the user’s hands are busy
When mobility required
When the speaker’s eyes are occupied
When harsh or cramped conditions preclude use of a keyboard
Technologies
Speech store and forward
Discrete-word recognition
Voice information systems
Speech generation
Issues with speech recognition
Increases cognitive load when compared to pointing
Speaking commands or listening disrupts planning and problem solving
Interference from noisy environments
Unstable recognition across changing users, environments and time
Siri
Potential uses of Speech Systems include:
Users with vision impairments
When the user’s hands are busy
When mobility required away from a device
When the speaker’s eyes are occupied and
When harsh or cramped conditions preclude use of a keyboard
Technologies related to speech systems include:
Speech store and forward
Discrete-word recognition
Voice information systems and
Speech generation
Issues related to speech recognition include:
Increases cognitive load when compared to pointing
Speaking commands or listening disrupts planning and problem solving
Interference from noisy environments and
Unstable recognition across changing users, environments and time

26. Interaction Devices Speech Systems Issues with speech output
Slow pace of speech output when compared to visual displays
Ephemeral nature of speech
Difficulty in scanning/searching
Issues related to Speech output include:
Slow pace of speech output when compared to visual displays
Ephemeral nature of speech (not being able to easily move back to a previous segment of communication)
And Difficulty in scanning and searching steaming voice

27. Interaction Devices Discrete-word recognition
Recognition of individual words
Accurate 90% to 98% for 100 to 10,000 word vocabularies
Speaker-dependent training (the user trains the system)
Speak-independent (not as accurate)
Keyboards and pointing devices are more rapid, and actions and command are more visible for easy editing
Error handling is difficult and slow
Continuous-speech recognition
Difficult to recognize the boundaries between spoken words
Problems with accents, variable speaking rates, disruptive background noise, and changing emotional conditions
Fields with distinct terminology may be able to use this technology due to the limited and precise vocabulary
Discrete-word recognition involves Recognition of individual words. Such applications are
90% to 98% accurate for vocabularies of 100 to 10,000 words
Speaker-dependent training (involves the user training the application to their voice)
Speak-independent which refers to recognizing speech from different users is not as accurate
Keyboards and pointing devices are more rapid and actions and commands are more visible to support easy editing
Error handling for correction of discrete-word recognition is difficult and slow
Continuous-speech recognition involves the recognition of strings of words from the user.
It is Difficult for applications to recognize the boundaries between spoken words
Also, Problems occur with regard to accents, variable speaking rates, disruptive background noise, and changing emotional conditions
However, Fields with distinct terminology may be able to use this technology due to the limited and precise vocabulary

28. Interaction Devices Voice information systems
Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
Examples: Help support, banking, ordering, voice mail
Challenges
Complex, deep structures
Slow pace of voice output
Difficulty scanning
Apple’s iPod
Management of large audio databases
Retrieval of specific segments
Voice information systems or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems have existing for many years, but have evolved to be more usable.
Examples: include Help support, banking, ordering, voice mail
A specific example is when an automated assistance asks the reason for your call (e.g., help support, order status, or verification of payment)
Challenges to these types of applications include:
Complex deep structures where the caller traverses multiple levels of a hierarchy and gets frustrated or lost in the navigation path
There is also a problem related to the Slow pace of voice output (that is, reading back information to the caller)
The application also makes it Difficult for callers to scan the information space looking for an answer to their problem
Apple’s iPod provides this type a capability where the user
Manages large audio databases
Retrieves specific segments

29. Interaction Devices Speech Generation Non-Speech Auditory Interfaces
Automobiles systems (e.g., “Turn left onto Route 896)
Control rooms (e.g., “Danger, temperature rising”)
Privacy related to audio messages
Is the human voice a better means of communication (e.g., Atlanta Airport)?
Are tones sometimes better than voice (e.g., “Headlights on”)
Microsoft’s Windows Narrator (reads text display on screens)
Voice tagging of web pages (VoiceXML)
Googles TalkBack
Non-Speech Auditory Interfaces
MIDI (Musical-instrument digital interfaces) for music composition
Auditory icons – distinctive familiar sounds
Earcons – abstracts sounds whose meanings must be learned
Example Earcons
Speech Generation is used in various user interfaces includeing:
Automobiles systems (e.g., “Turn left onto Route 896)
Control rooms (e.g., “Danger, temperature rising”)
However, there are Privacy issues related to audio messages
One question to ask Is whether the human voice a better means of communication (e.g., Atlanta Airport)?
Studies were conducted to determine whether a human speaking commands was better that computer generated commands.
An example would be “Step away from the doors).
It was discovered that neither was the best method. The best method ended up being the human voice modified to make the human voice sound more synthesized.
In some cases tones work better than voice (e.g., “Headlights on versus just playing a tone”)
Another application related to Speech Generation is Microsoft’s Windows Narrator (which reads text display on screens)
Related to that is Voice tagging of web pages (using VoiceXML) which can read out the text on a web page to the user.
Non-Speech Auditory Interfaces include”
MIDI (Musical-instrument digital interfaces) used for music composition
Auditory icons – distinctive familiar sounds (e.g., tone for the national emergency broadcast system)

30. Interaction Devices Displays – Small and Large
The primary source of feedback to the user
Physical dimensions (diagonal)
Resolution (number of pixels)
Number of available colors
Luminance, contrast and glare
Power consumption
Refresh rates
Cost
Reliability
Displays both Small and Large are The primary source of feedback to the user.
The attributes of displays include”
Physical dimensions (diagonal)
Resolution (number of pixels)
Number of available colors
Luminance, contrast and glare
Power consumption
Refresh rates
Cost
Reliability

31. Interaction Devices Displays Technologies
Raster-scan cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)
Similar to televisions
Electron beams sweeping out lines of dots to form letters and graphics
Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs)
Voltage changes influence the polarization of tiny capsules of liquid crystals
Displays Technologies include:
Raster-scan cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) which are Similar to televisions
Electron beams sweep out lines of dots to form letters and graphics
Another type of technology is Liquid-crystal displays (or LCDs)
In this case Voltage changes influence the polarization of tiny capsules of liquid crystals

32. Interaction Devices Displays Technologies Plasma display panels (PDPs)
Rows of horizontal wires are slightly separated from vertical wires by small glass- enclosed capsules of neon-based gases
When the horizontal and vertical wires receive a high voltage, the gas glows
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Certain diodes emit light when a voltage is applied
The curved display in New York’s Time Square
Additional Displays Technologies include
Plasma display panels and Light-emitting diodes
Plasma display panels (or PDPs) involve
Rows of horizontal wires that are slightly separated from vertical wires by small glass-enclosed capsules of neon-based gases
When the horizontal and vertical wires receive a high voltage, the gas glows
Light-emitting diodes (or LEDs) are where
Certain diodes emit light when a voltage is applied
And example is the the curved display in New York’s Time Square

33. Interaction Devices Displays Technologies Electronic ink
Paper-like resolution (80 to 200 dpi)
Uses tiny capsules containing negatively charged black particles and positively charged white particles
Portable Displays Technologies also include concepts like electronic books.
Electronic ink has developed such devices with
Paper-like resolution (specifically 80 to 200 dpi)
The devices Uses tiny capsules containing negatively charged black particles and positively charged white particles

34. Interaction Devices Displays Technologies Smart Phone penetration
Portable Displays Technologies also include concepts like electronic books.
Electronic ink has developed such devices with
Paper-like resolution (specifically 80 to 200 dpi)
The devices Uses tiny capsules containing negatively charged black particles and positively charged white particles

35. Interaction Devices Displays Technologies Large Displays
Informational wall displays (control room usage)
Large Displays are often used in team or crew type settings such as mission control or control rooms
And may link information from local computers. That is, be able to project the local PC screen onto the wall display

36. Interaction Devices Display Technologies Large Displays
Interactive Wall Displays
SMART board
Large Displays also include Interactive Wall Displays and SMART boards where
Large displays can accept and respond to user input.

37. Interaction Devices Display Technologies 3D Smart Phones
Visual Strain?
Large Displays also include Interactive Wall Displays and SMART boards where
Large displays can accept and respond to user input.

38. Interaction Devices A world of Glass Display Technologies
Perceptive pixel on CNN
Check this out: CNN Perceptive Pixel
Notice
Gestures
Resizing capabilities
Selection capabilities
A world of Glass
Check out the Perceptive Pixel clip on you tube.
Very cool technology.
Notice the use of gestures along with selection and resizing capabilities

39. Interaction Devices Display Technologies Multiple desktop displays
Six 19” Monitors
Facilitate side-by-side comparisons of documents, software debugging, information visualization and analysis
In some cases a specific user may require Multiple desktop displays, for example Six 19” Monitors
This would Facilitate side-by-side comparisons of documents, software debugging, information visualization and analysis

40. Interaction Devices Display Technologies
Heads-up and helmet-mounted displays
Project information on a partially silvered windscreen of an airplane cockpit or car
Operators can remain focused on the surroundings while receiving computer generated information
Mobile device displays
Making phone calls
Texting
Checking appointments
Reading
Finding a locations
Obtaining directions
Listening to music
Internet browsing
Additional Display Technologies include
Heads-up and helmet-mounted displays which
Project information on a partially silvered windscreen of an airplane cockpit or car
Operators can remain focused on the surroundings while receiving computer generated information
Mobile device displays support tasks related to
Making phone calls
Texting
Checking appointments
Reading
Finding a locations
Obtaining directions
Listening to music
Internet browsing
8 minutes into video

41. Interaction Devices Display Technologies Printers
Speed
Quality
Cost
Compactness
Quietness
Type and size of paper
Support for special formats
Reliabilty
Display Technologies
One last category of display technology includes Printers. Printers are measured in accordance with the following criteria
Speed
Quality
Cost
Compactness
Quietness
Type and size of paper used
Support for special formats
Reliability