1. (1500-1660)

2.  renaissance: rebirth or revival  Revival of Learning; desire for knowledge  growth in study of other languages, literature, art, mathematics, philosophy, and science

3.  led by Martin Luther  posted 95 propositions against the Roman Catholic Church in the 16 th century  strived to make the church more accessible & fair  the church refused Luther’s propositions, and the Protestant Reformation evolved

4.  began when King Henry VIII was denied a divorce by the Pope  The Church of England was formed  English Parliament passed the Supremacy Act in 1534  important influence on development of Protestantism in England

5.  focus on translating Latin and Greek works  authors tried to emulate the ancient greats  philosophy and scientific influences show  influenced by politics

6.  emphasis on the human figure, natural beauty, & physical realism  accurate perspective; subject placed in front of natural background  sculptures and architecture modelled after Roman style

7.  invented the printing press  first time books were mass produced, beginning with the Bible  principal method of publishing through late 20 th century  prior to invention of the printing press, books could cost as much as houses

8.  developed ideas that were beyond his time  first person to bring realism and perspective into artwork, bringing subjects to life  controversial work, such as The Last Supper  invented his own artistic techniques  promoted education of artistic style

9. “The more sand has escaped from the hourglass of our life, the clearer we should see through it” - Niccolo Machiavelli  Roman historian and politician  wrote history from a humanist perspective rather than in the Greek theological tradition  wrote political instructions, believed the power to influence history and events lied in the individual

10.  Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright  Spanish language often considered “la lengua de Cervantes”  large influence on prose fiction – Don Quixote considered one of the best fictional works

11.  Excerpt Excerpt  written by Miguel de Cervantes  widely considered the first modern novel, as well as one of the greatest novels ever written

12. Carson, Nacie. “Characteristics of Renaissance Art.” eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2010. http://www.ehow.com/facts_4857007_characteristics-renaissance-art.html Gray, Andrew Stephen. “The Influences of Da Vinci and Michelangelo.” Quazen. N.p., 21 May 2007. Web. 19 Feb 2010. http://quazen.com/arts/art-history/the-influences-of-da-vinci-and-michelangelo/ “Johannes Gutenburg” The Great Idea Finder. N.p., 26 Jan 2006. Web. 21 Feb 2010. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/gutenberg.htm “Johannes Gutenburg: Inventor of the Printing Press.” Inventive Genius. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2010. http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/elmer/infoCentral/frameset/inventors/gutenberg/index.html Lecron, Chris. “Machiavelli’s Influence on History.” Associated Content. N.p., 21 July 2009. Web. 20 Feb 2010. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1953338/machiavellis_influence_on_history.html “Niccolo Machiavelli Quotes.” Brainy Quote. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb 2010. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/niccolo_machiavelli_3.html “The Protestant Reformation.” Schools History. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2010. http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/protestantreformation.htm “The Renaisannce Period.” The Tree Maker. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2010. http://www.thetreemaker.com/last-name-meaning/renaissance-period.html “What was the Protestant Reformation?” GotQuestion.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2010. http://www.gotquestions.org/Protestant-Reformation.html