1. Insecticide DDT Václav Szmek Jiří Šido

2. Physical and chemical properties DDT Chemical name Chemical name 4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane- 1,1-diyl)bis(chlorobenzene) Chemical formula Chemical formula C 14 H 9 Cl 5 Molecular mass Molecular mass 354.49 g/mol Melting point Melting point 108.5 °C Boiling point Boiling point 260 °C

3. Powder – prášek odour – zápach environment – okolí, ovzduší DDT is a white, crystalline powder with a weak odour. DDT is a white, crystalline powder with a weak odour. It shows low solubility in water and high soubility in organic solvents, fat and oils. It shows low solubility in water and high soubility in organic solvents, fat and oils. It doesn't break down in the environment or in organisms. It doesn't break down in the environment or in organisms.

4. Preparation of DDT and its qualities DDT is created by the reaction of trichloroethanol with chlorbenzene (C 6 H 5 Cl). Trade or other names for DDT include Anofex, Cesarex, Chlorophenothane. DDT is created by the reaction of trichloroethanol with chlorbenzene (C 6 H 5 Cl). Trade or other names for DDT include Anofex, Cesarex, Chlorophenothane. DDT has potent insecticidal properties; it kills by opening sodium channels in insect neurons, causing the neuron to fire spontaneously. DDT has potent insecticidal properties; it kills by opening sodium channels in insect neurons, causing the neuron to fire spontaneously. DDT was responsible for eradicating malaria from Europe and North America, and was also extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 1945 DDT was responsible for eradicating malaria from Europe and North America, and was also extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 19451945 Quality – vlastnostpotent – silný, účinný Extensively – rozsáhleeredicate - vyhubit

5. History of DDT DDT was the first modern pesticide, was first synthesized in 1873 by Othmar Ziedler. DDT was the first modern pesticide, was first synthesized in 1873 by Othmar Ziedler.Othmar ZiedlerOthmar Ziedler Insecticidal properties were discovered in 1939, by the Swiss scientist Paul Hermann Paul Hermann Müller Insecticidal properties were discovered in 1939, by the Swiss scientist Paul Hermann Paul Hermann MüllerPaul Hermann MüllerPaul Hermann Müller It was used extensively during World war II by Allied troops and certain civilian populations to control insect typhus and malaria vectors (as a result nearly eliminating typhus). It was used extensively during World war II by Allied troops and certain civilian populations to control insect typhus and malaria vectors (as a result nearly eliminating typhus). DDT was also extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 1945. DDT was also extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 1945. By the 1950s, in some uses, doses of DDT and other insecticides had to be doubled or tripled as resistant insect strains developed. By the 1950s, in some uses, doses of DDT and other insecticides had to be doubled or tripled as resistant insect strains developed. Properties – vlastnostiextensive – často Certain – zaručený, spolehlivýstrain – namáhat, napínat

6. Environmental impact DDT is a P P P P P eeee rrrr ssss iiii ssss tttt eeee nnnn tttt O O O O rrrr gggg aaaa nnnn iiii cccc P P P P oooo llll llll uuuu tttt aaaa nnnn tttt and very highly persistent in the environment. Routes of loss and degradation include runoff, volatilization, photolysis and bbbb iiii oooo dddd eeee gggg rrrr aaaa dddd aaaa tttt iiii oooo nnnn (aerobic and anaerobic). These processes generally occur slowly. Breakdown products in the soil environment are DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- dichlorodiphenyl)ethylene) and DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), which are also highly persistent and have similar chemical and physical properties. Persistent – odolná Pollutant-spad, znečišťující látka Occur – přihodit se Route – směr Loss – ztráta Runoff-odtok, splach Volatilization- těkání, vyprchání, vypaření

7. DDT is highly toxic to aquatic life, including crayfish, daphnids, sea shrimp and many species of fish. DDT may be moderately toxic to some amphibian species, especially in the larval stages. In addition to acute toxic effects, DDT may bioaccumulate significantly in fish and other aquatic species, leading to long-term exposure. DDT is highly toxic to aquatic life, including crayfish, daphnids, sea shrimp and many species of fish. DDT may be moderately toxic to some amphibian species, especially in the larval stages. In addition to acute toxic effects, DDT may bioaccumulate significantly in fish and other aquatic species, leading to long-term exposure.crayfish daphnidssea shrimpfish amphibiancrayfish daphnidssea shrimpfish amphibian DDT is not particularly toxic to humans, compared to other widely used pesticides. DDT is not particularly toxic to humans, compared to other widely used pesticides.toxichumanstoxichumans Crayfish – rakdaphnids-plankton sea shrimp-krevetaAmphibian- obojživelný

8. Arguments for and against DDT Since the ban, two million people a year have died unnecessarily from malaria, mostly children. The ban has caused more than fifty million needless deaths. Banning DDT killed more people than Hitler Since the ban, two million people a year have died unnecessarily from malaria, mostly children. The ban has caused more than fifty million needless deaths. Banning DDT killed more people than Hitler One of the pro-DDT arguments is that the treatment was used long enough to eliminate insect-borne diseases in the West but now that it's only needed in poorer countries in Africa, Asia and elsewhere it's been banned. One of the pro-DDT arguments is that the treatment was used long enough to eliminate insect-borne diseases in the West but now that it's only needed in poorer countries in Africa, Asia and elsewhere it's been banned. Ban – zákaz Caused – způsobil Treatment – léčba, zacházení

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