1. The Science of Biology
Chapter 1

2. Ch 1.1-What is Science?
- An organized way of gathering evidence about the natural world
- Goals:
Provide natural explanations for events in the natural world
Use those explanations to understand patterns in nature
Make useful predictions about natural events
How does science play out in our every day lives?

3. “Think something that nobody has thought yet, while looking at something that everybody sees”—Arthur Schopenhauer

4. Scientific Methodology
1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
Types of Observations:
Qualitative: using your senses (sight, smell, sound, touch, taste)
Quantitative: using instruments and tools (rulers, beakers, graduated cylinders, etc)
Types of questions on white board

5. Scientific Methodology
1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
3. Make an Inference
4. Form a Hypothesis
Inference:
A logical interpretation based on what scientists already know (General)
Hypothesis:
A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested in ways that support or reject it (More specific)

6. Inferences and Hypotheses
Observation: Larger species of barnacles are found lower in the intertidal than the larger species of barnacles
Question: Why are barnacle species that are different sizes found in different areas?
Inference: There is something that influences where a species of barnacles lives
Hypothesis: Barnacle location is influenced by predation (or many other factors)

7. Scientific Methodology
1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
3. Make an Inference
4. Form a Hypothesis
5. Test the Hypothesis with Controlled Experiments

8. Controlled Experiments
- Keep track of factors, or variables, that naturally change
- Examples: temperature, light, time, etc
Independent Variable: the variable that is deliberately changed (manipulated variable; the variable that will produce an effect)
Dependent Variable: the variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable (responding variable; the variable that depends on the manipulation of the other variable)
Control Group: the group that is not treated with the independent variable but is exposed to all other conditions
Go through grass and nitrogen levels experiment on board

9. Scientific Methodology
1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
3. Make an Inference
4. Form a Hypothesis
5. Test the Hypothesis with Controlled Experiments
6. Collect and Analyze Data

10. Data Collection-Tools

11. Data Collection-Graphs
Line Graph
Bar Graph
Qualitative vs Quantitative Data
Scatter Plot
Pie Chart

12. Scientific Methodology
1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
3. Make an Inference
4. Form a Hypothesis
5. Test the Hypothesis with Controlled Experiments
6. Collect and Analyze Data
7. Develop Conclusions

13. Ch 1.2: Science in Context

14. Asking the right kinds of questions
Curiosity
Skepticism
Open-Mindedness
Creativity
Identifying practical problems
Using advances in technology

15. Communicating Results
- Peer Review
- Scientific Journals
- New Ideas and Questions
- Replication of Results

16. Scientific Theories
Well-tested explanations that unify many observations and hypotheses
Enable scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations
Examples:
Gravitational Theory
Evolutionary Theory
Cell Theory

17. Science and Society How does science relate to us?
Make a list of any current scientific issues that directly influence you
- We cannot study science without understanding its role in society

18. What is science and what isn’t?
Ethics and Morality
How life works
Applying scientific knowledge
Bias: a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific

19. Who makes decisions about laws and public policy?

20. Ch 1.3 Studying Life

21. Is it alive?

22. 8 Characteristics of Living Things
Living things are based on a universal genetic code.
Living things reproduce.
Living things grow and develop.
Living things respond to their environment.

23. 8 Characteristics of Living Things
Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
Living things obtain and use material and energy.
Living things evolve.
Living things are made of cells.