1. Ghettos The Holocaust

2. Ghettos in History From the Word Geti meaning Foundry Jewish Ghetto in Rome/Venice Established by Pope Paul IV in 1555 Jews forced to live in the Ghetto and wear distinctive Yellow Hat

3. Forced to Relocate Jews were forced to Locate to pre established Ghettos in larger cities. Most Jews lived in rural communities called Shtetls

5. Segregating Jews from Non Jews German and Polish police were used to ensure only Jews were allowed into the Ghettos

6. Sealing the Ghetto Jews were put to work sealing their own ghetto. Not all Ghettos were sealed

7. Forced Labor Most able bodied Jews were forced to work, many outside of the camp in support of the war effort Some work was purely to exhaust Jews

8. Struggle to Survive Children were often on their Many resorted to pan handling and street peddling Others participated in resistance activities Some were runners outside the Ghetto

9. Ghetto Diet No sanitation Restricted to 800 calorie a day diet Inequalities quickly pronounced in ghettos Disease and hunger killed over 75,000 in Warsaw alone

10. Children Dying of Starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto

11. Victor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning During the latter part of our imprisonment, the daily ration consisted of very watery soup given out once daily, and the usual small bread ration. In addition to that, there was the so-called "extra allowance," consisting of three-fourths of an ounce of margarine, or a slice of poor quality sausage, or of a little piece of cheese, or a bit of synthetic honey, or a spoonful of watery jam, varying daily. In calories, this diet was absolutely inadequate, especially taking into consideration our heavy manual work and our constant exposure to the cold in inadequate clothing. The sick who were "under special care"--that is, those who were allowed to lie in the huts instead of leaving the camp for work--were worse off. When the last layers of subcutaneous fat had vanished and we looked like skeletons disguised with skin and rags, we could watch our bodies beginning to devour themselves. The organism digested its own protein, and the muscles disappeared. Then the body had no powers of resistance left....

12. Resistance Active v. Passive Resistance Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943) Survival as Resistance –Self help groups –Maintaining Religion and Culture

13. Jewish Newspapers In Lodz A ghetto newspaper published in Yiddish in the Lódz ghetto from March 4, 1941 to September 21, 1941

14. Liquidation to Death Camps Ghettos were slowly liquidated until all 6 camps were complete Final liquidation happens in 1943 Some Ghettos remain in operation throughout 1944

15. What tactics did the Nazis use to get the Jews to leave the Ghettos ? Tactics Starvation The Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto were only fed a 1000 calories a day. A Human being needs 2400 calories a day to maintain their weight Terror The SS publicly shot people for smuggling food or for any act of resistance Deception The Jews were told that they were going to ‘resettlement areas’ in the East. In some Ghettos the Jews had to purchase their own train tickets. They were told to bring the tools of their trade and pots and pans. Hungry people are easier to control New arrivals at the Death camps were given postcards to send to their friends.

16. The End Evil is when a few good men decide to do nothing. Reviews: hugy@huggins2000.freeserve.co.uk