1. Fuel/Lube Oil Systems

2. Objectives Why lubrication Standard shipboard lube oil system
Standard shipboard fuel oil system
Standard safety considerations for shipboard fuel oil and lube oil systems

4. Fuel Oil System
Purpose
Provide fuel to furnace / combustor

5. Service System Pumps maintain a constant press in system Accumulators
Fuel flow control valve adjusted to control fuel to furnace (Auto Combustion Control)
excess fuel flows back to service tanks
Electrically driven main
Service pumps used in port or for light off
Accumulators
Nitrogen bladder type
10 gals/each
Used in Emergencies
Fill and transfer- duh
Tank stripping system- connections to low points of all fuel system tanks. Used to discharge contaminated oil, sludge and water overboard or to the settling tanks.
Service system- Delivers the oil at the proper temperature, pressure and purity for proper atomization and combustion in the burner.

6. Tanks Storage Tanks Service Tanks Contaminated Oil Settling Tanks
Integral part of the ship’s bottom
Contain bulk of fuel oil
Service Tanks
24 hour fuel supply
For immediate use
Contaminated Oil Settling Tanks
Hold oil contaminated with water and debris
Oil settles to top, water pumped from bottom
Good oil sent to service tanks
Storage tanks- hold supply for long term storage
Service tanks- 24 hour supply
Contaminated oil settling tanks- used to hold oil that is contaminated with water or other impurities; after the contents have settled, the water and sludge are pumped out through low suction connections and the good oil is then transferred to a storage or service tank. The tanks can be used to store oily waste until it can be disposed of without violating environmental protection laws.

7. Piping System Fill and Transfer System Stripping System Service System
Loading oil to storage tanks
Transfer oil to service tanks / other storage tank
Controls Trim and List
Discharge oil to other ship
Stripping System
used to discharge contaminated oil, sludge, and water overboard or to the settling tank
Service System
must deliver oil at the proper temp, press, purity
Fill and transfer- duh
Tank stripping system- connections to low points of all fuel system tanks. Used to discharge contaminated oil, sludge and water overboard or to the settling tanks.
Service system- Delivers the oil at the proper temperature, pressure and purity for proper atomization and combustion in the burner.

8. Basic Main Lube Oil System
Storage tanks (Sump)
Cooler/Heater
Pumps
Attached lube oil pump (ALOP)
driven by reduction gears
Standby lube oil pump (SLOP)
Emergency lube oil pump (ELOP)
Bearings, Reduction Gears

9. Generic L/O System

10. Common Components Strainers Purifiers
Prevent passage of grit, scale, dirt, and other foreign material
Purifiers
Separate water and sediment from oil

11. Lube Oil Properties Adhesivness Cohesivness Viscosity (Thickness)
Ability to adhere to object surface and support weight
Cohesivness
Ability to hold together under load to maintain fluid film
Viscosity (Thickness)
Ability to maintain constant resistance to flow over varying temps

12. LO Properties
Oxidation- The rate at which the oil deteriorates or breaks down
Demulsibility- The ability to separate out water.

13. Lubrication Oil System
Prevent metal-to-metal contact by creating film of fluid between surfaces
Sliding/rolling friction replaced by fluid friction
Provides pressurized oil to create fluid film
Reduces heat build-up caused by friction
Removes heat generated by friction since lube oil cooled

14. Friction
Sliding - friction caused by moving surface over stationary surface
Rolling - friction caused by curved body rolling on flat surface
Fluid - friction caused by fluids resistance to movement

15. Prevent Metal to Metal Contact

16. Lube Oil As A Coolant Friction cannot be entirely eliminated
Power still lost through the generation of heat in the bearings
Energy of a few hundred horsepower may be lost in the bearings of large turbines at high power
Since oil continuously pumped through system, heat is removed at cooler
The foregoing discussion has been concerned with the use of lubricants to reduce friction and accompanying power losses. Friction cannot be entirely eliminated. It has been shown that fluid friction replaces dry friction, but power is still lost through the generation of heat in the bearings. Lightly loaded or slow moving bearings can dissipate the generated heat by radiation and conduction, but energy on the order of a few hundred horsepower may be lost in the bearings of large turbines at high power. Thus, an additional important function of lubricating oil is to serve as a coolant. This accomplished by circulating and cooling in a heat exchanger. The circulation has a twofold effect. It disposes of the heat generated in the bearings while simultaneously preventing the oil from reaching a temperature range where a change in its physical or chemical properties would endanger its lubricating properties.

17. Safety Precautions
Flammable liquid at high pressure
Class "B" fire

18. Summary