2. English for Careers Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 CHAPTER 5 APPLES, TIGERS, AND SWAHILI ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran

3. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Chapter 5 helps you... Apply Standard English principles to form plurals of regular and irregular nouns, write compound nouns, and capitalize proper nouns Correctly spell, pronounce, and use the words presented in this chapter Use bias-free language

4. PLURAL OF NOUNS ENDING WITH If preceded by a vowel--add S Monkey s English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

5. If preceded by a consonant -- change Duty Duties to i es and add es English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

6. If the noun is a musical term ending in an O, add S PiccoloPiccolo SopranoSoprano s s If the noun ends in O and is not a musical term, add S or es Vetoes Memos English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

7. When in doubt, look it up The dictionary is your friend English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

8. Some nouns ending in Loaf = Loaves Scarf = Scarfs or Scarves Remember, if in doubt... English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

9. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sometimes a spelling change is required to form a plural LouseLouse - Louses or Lice, Lice, depends on meaning (louses are creepy people; lice are creepy insects) CrisisCrisis - Crises CriterionCriterion - Criteria or Criterions OxOx - Oxen ManMan -- Men ToothTooth -- Teeth FootFoot -- Feet

10. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sometimes spelling remains the same for plurals Japanese Vietnamese Aircraft Salmon Sheep Trout Deer Statistics

11. Sometimes meaning determines the use of a singular or plural verb Check the dictionary for “use with sing. verb” or “pl. noun” or “pl.n.used as sing.” Phonetics is Phonetics is important to shorthand trousers are The trousers are too long. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

12. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Do not change the spelling of proper nouns to make them plural. Mary = MarysMary = Marys – We had three Marys in class. Wolf = WolfsWolf = Wolfs – All the Wolfs came to the reunion.

13. to determine whether to space between, write as one word or hyphenate Close-upEye-opener Use (guess what...) the Hand-me-downsTie-in Brother-in-law Follow-upName-dropper English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

14. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 BackBack talk TimeTime clock TongueTongue twister ShortShort circuit (note: space between)

15. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 DollhouseDollhouse CheckbookCheckbook DeadlockDeadlock BlowoutBlowout BookstoreBookstore Note: written as one word

16. Use the dictionary to determine which part of the compound to make plural. headlines write-offs brother - in - laws letter of credits English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

17. Here are some “capital ideas”… Capitalize official titles (unless they follow name) –President Jimmy Carter owned a peanut farm. –Jimmy Carter was president from 1977-1981. Capitalize titles that follow names in addresses –Jimmy Carter, President Don’t capitalize if a noun/pronoun precedes title –I wrote to my president about the war. Organizational words are usually capitalized only when associated with a specific entity –I go to college. –I go to Winston College. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

18. Capitalize definite geographic locations –He lives in the North, but talks like a Southerner. Don’t capitalize general directions –Go east on Eastern Avenue for five blocks. Always capitalize names of languages and official courses –I learned Swahili in my African Language 101 class. –Are you taking any language classes this fall? Races referenced by color are lowercase, but sociological references are capitalized. So are religions –white/Caucasianblack/African American –Christianity Judaism Islam Buddhism English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

19. Avoid workplace language that unnecessarily focuses on someone’s age, physical characteristics, nationality, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or political beliefs. Be aware of acceptable terms for nationalities, races, and religions. Your textbook explains the best current choices. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

20. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 An African American networking specialist is the keynote speaker at the Computer Hardware Convention. Anetworking specialist is the keynote speaker at the Computer Hardware African American networking specialist Marva Jones will be the keynote speaker at the African American Computer Scientists conference. Which of these three sentences should be avoided in a bias- free workplace?

21. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Jean Chung, the blind transcriber, doesn’t need the new lighting fixture. Because she is blind, transcriber Jean Chung doesn’t need the new lighting fixture. Which of these two sentences should be avoided in a bias-free workplace? Sue Clark is the new female CEO. Sue Clark is the new CEO.

22. AVOID businessman mankindmanmade chairmanmale nursestewardess TRY executivehumanitysynthetic moderatornurseflight attendant English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

23. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 You have seen how to Apply Standard English principles to form plurals of regular and irregular nouns, write compound nouns, and capitalize proper nouns Correctly spell, pronounce, and use the words presented in this chapter Use bias-free language