1. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

2. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Description Exposes the patient (or an extremity) to a: Exposes the patient (or an extremity) to a: –High breathable oxygen environment –High air pressure Saturates blood with oxygen Saturates blood with oxygen

3. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Used For Wound healing Wound healing Soft tissue healing* Soft tissue healing* –Sprains –Strains –Contusions –Inflammation –Delayed onset muscle soreness Following cerebral strokes Following cerebral strokes Treatment of the Bends Treatment of the Bends * Efficacy as not been substantiated

4. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Theory High air pressure decreases the size of gas bubbles in the blood High air pressure decreases the size of gas bubbles in the blood –2 to 3 times that of normal air pressure High oxygen (100%) intake saturates the blood plasma with oxygen High oxygen (100%) intake saturates the blood plasma with oxygen –Net increase in oxygen delivered to healing tissues  Decreases hypoxia  Increases phagocytic and fibroblastic activity

5. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Biophysical Effects Blood Flow Increased oxygen levels cause vasoconstriction Increased oxygen levels cause vasoconstriction Net increase in oxygen delivered to the tissues Net increase in oxygen delivered to the tissues Maybe especially beneficial to avascular structures: Maybe especially beneficial to avascular structures: –Achilles’ tendon –Rotator cuff

6. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Biophysical Effects Wound Healing Improved by: Improved by: –Oxygen accelerating phagocytosis –Decreasing hypoxia –Antimicrobial effect –Increased ATP levels

7. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Biophysical Effects Tissue Regeneration Improved wound healing assists tissue regeneration Improved wound healing assists tissue regeneration Increased rate of fibroblast proliferation Increased rate of fibroblast proliferation Also used for: Also used for: –Fracture healing –Reducing delayed onset muscle soreness –Lacking clinical evidence

8. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Precautions Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should only be administered by trained personnel Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should only be administered by trained personnel Too great of pressure may rupture the tympanic membrane Too great of pressure may rupture the tympanic membrane –Increased risk with an inner ear infection –Decongestants may help prevent this Can increase the output of bodily gasses Can increase the output of bodily gasses

9. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Contraindications Pregnancy Pregnancy Inner ear infection Inner ear infection Tympanic membrane rupture Tympanic membrane rupture Upper respiratory infection Upper respiratory infection Sinus conditions Sinus conditions Lung disease Lung disease Asthma Asthma Seizure disorders Seizure disorders Optic neuritis Optic neuritis Pneumothorax Pneumothorax Claustrophobia Claustrophobia

10. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Instrumentation Chamber May hold one or more people May hold one or more people Oxygen Administration Treatments administered at 95 to 100% O 2 Treatments administered at 95 to 100% O 2 Oxygen delivered via an air mask Oxygen delivered via an air maskPressure Adjusts the chamber temperature from 1 to 3 atmospheres Adjusts the chamber temperature from 1 to 3 atmospheres

11. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Instrumentation Topical Administration Wounds: Wounds: –Patch is applied over the area Extremity Extremity –Appliance is placed over the extremity 100% oxygen is used to inflate the device 100% oxygen is used to inflate the device In some cases the patient will breath 95 to 100% oxygen In some cases the patient will breath 95 to 100% oxygen

12. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Treatment Duration Using 100% oxygen and 2.5 atmospheres: Using 100% oxygen and 2.5 atmospheres: –90 to 100 minutes Or –3 30-minute session –The patient is exposed to normal air and air pressures between sessions

13. © 2005 – FA Davis, Inc. Maintenance After Each Use: Clean the interior of the chamber Clean the interior of the chamber Clean or replace the oxygen mask Clean or replace the oxygen mask As Indicated: A qualified technician should: A qualified technician should: –Calibrate the pressure gauge –Inspect and repair the unit