1. Underwater Navigation

2. Navigation Defined
The process or activity of accurately ascertaining one’s position and planning and following a route
Can be accomplished a variety of ways:
GPS
Compass
Landmarks
Wind/water movement
You need two primary pieces of information!
Direction
Distance

3. Nav. Terms Course Bearing Heading
Your planned route, usually marked on a map or chart.
Can be more than one “Leg”.
Bearing
The direction from your current location to any distant point, given in degrees from North.
Heading
The direction you are currently pointing.

4. N
2 knot current!!!
Notice that this Rose has a blue arrow and a red arrow… Why?
40°
84°
45°
You are here, what is your course? What’s missing?

5. Magnetic North vs. True North
Charts are presented relative True North
A compass will mark Magnetic North
True North IS NOT Magnetic North…
The difference between True and Magnetic is called Magnetic Declination
20.4° W in this example

6. What are your true headings in this scenario?
45°
40°
84°
On the first leg, your compass reads 45°.
Take the declination given on the Rose, and subtract the value from your compass bearing.
If the declination is East of North, you will need to ADD to your compass bearing!

7. Declination changes with time…

8. 2014 Declinations

9. A note on Declination and Diving
Declination is only relevant over long distances, or when you are using a map to navigate.
B/c we work in low visibility most of the time, no adjustments are necessary as long as we are consistent… And commonly, we can’t even SEE the compass.

10. Using a Compass Direction of GO (DOG)
Orienting arrow, also called the “Shed”
Magnetic needle, red points to Magnetic North
Rotating bezel

11. Diving Compass Everyone use your compass to find 60°
Dive compass have some slight differences…

12. Using a Compass Cont.
Identify your course (What direction do you want to go?)
Let’s say East, or 90°
Hold your compass level in front of you and turn the bezel so that your desired course is lined up with your DOG.
NOTE: metal WILL CAUSE YOUR COMPASS TO DIVERT!!!
Turing your body, not just the compass, put the red (red side of the magnetic needle, OR North arrow) in the orienting arrow (Shed).
You are now heading on course…

13. We have Direction, now we need Distance
What are some ways to measure distance underwater?
What if you can’t see the transect tape?!?
Kick Cycles, Pace Count, Wing Span
Calibrate yours to a number that is easy to work with (i.e. 10 meters)
Pros/Cons for each?
CRITTERS CAN HELP YOU FIND THINGS!
Follow the fish, they usually go to structure
You will calibrate your kick cycles/wing span at Vortex.

14. Final Notes… Currents Use landmarks/topography Surge Particulates
Can bias your distance and direction, adjust your calculations
Use a line, orient w/ the current…
Touch the bottom
Make marks on the bottom
Use landmarks/topography
Coral fingers
SE banks limestone piles.
Surge
Particulates
Easterly Current and Easterly Wind…