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Cell Theory The cell is the smallest unit of life. All organisms are composed one or more cells. New cells arise from previously existing cells.

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Presentation on theme: "Cell Theory The cell is the smallest unit of life. All organisms are composed one or more cells. New cells arise from previously existing cells."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cell as the Fundamental Unit of Life: The Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles

2 Cell Theory The cell is the smallest unit of life. All organisms are composed one or more cells. New cells arise from previously existing cells.

3 Basic Cell Structure The Nature of Cells
Each cell has four common components: Plasma membrane Region containing DNA Cytoplasm Biochemical molecules & biochemical pathways

4 Cell Diversity

5 Cell

6 Cells Two fundamental types: Prokaryotic No Nucleus No organelles Small 100nm-5um Eukaryotic True Nucleus Membrane bound organelles um Some are larger

7 Classification Five kingdom system: Six kingdom system:
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Six kingdom system: Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Three domain system: Eu- bacteria Archae-bacteria E U K A R Y A Eight kingdom system: Eu- bacteria Archezoa Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Chromista Protista

8 Three Lineages of Life: Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Prokaryotes: No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Cell Wall composed of peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually by budding and fission Very small ( µm)

9 Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eu- bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Eukaria Prokaryotes: No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts NO peptidoglycan in cell wall Reproduce asexually by budding and fission Very small ( µm) “Extreme” environments (high temperatures)

10 Prokaryotic Cells

11

12 Eukaryotes Eukaryotes: True nucleus Membrane-bound organelles
bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archae-bacteria Eukaryotes: True nucleus Membrane-bound organelles Cell size generally µm At least 4 lineages: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

13 Eukaryotic Cells Typical Animal Cell

14 The Cytoplasm

15 Plasma Membrane Fluid mosaic model:
Working model of the membrane Protein molecules bobbing in phospholipid sea Proteins determine membrane’s specific functions

16 Structure of the Cell Membrane
Phospholipids Most abundant lipid Polar/hydrophilic head(attracted to water) Pair of nonpolar/hydrophobic tails(repelled by water)

17 Phospholipids Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails

18 Phospholipid bilayer:. Polar heads, outside & inside
Phospholipid bilayer: Polar heads, outside & inside Nonpolar tails in the interior Cell Membranes

19 The Nucleus

20 The Nucleus

21 The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough and Smooth ER

22 Ribosomes

23 Mitochondrion

24 Golgi Apparatus Receives substances from ER, refines and packages them

25 Lysosome Function

26 Cytoskeleton

27 Cytoskeleton

28 Cillia & Flagella- 9x2 arrangement
0.1 micrometer

29

30 Flagellum

31 Flagellar Movement

32 Ciliated Epithelium mucus ciliated surface nuclei

33 Ciliary Movement

34 Ameboid Movement Ex. WBC

35 Typical Plant Cell

36 Typical Plant Cell

37 Cell Walls

38 Chloroplasts

39 INQUIRY Which kingdom do bacteria belong? What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic? Compare a plant and animal cell. What is the function of: Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi apparatus Lysozome Ribosomes Smooth and rough ER                                                                                                                        Cellular Visions: The inner life of a cell (video)

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