1. B0002108 王 格 1

2. Unit 12 P.151~166 2

3. Brainstorming  Did you have any embarrassin g behavior in a public occasion ？ 3

4. What is this article talking about ？ The physiological causes and symptoms of Urinary Incontinence. Main idea:  Supports from professionals and patients’ family are important to the patients who have UI. 4

5. Vocabulary-1  physiological (a.) (the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work  Constipation (n.) [Medical] 便祕 unable to excrete the contents of the bowels often enough  immobility (n.) [U] the fact that it is difficult to move or transport something from one place to another 5

6. Vocabulary-2  involuntary (a.) not done willingly or intentionally  dribbling (a.) when a liquid dribbles, it escapes slowly in small drops  Urethra (n.) [Medical] the tube that carries urine out of the body, and also carries sperm in males 6

7. Vocabulary-3  hygienic (a.) clean and unlikely to cause disease  burden (n.) [C] a duty or responsibility that is hard to bear  integrity (n.) [U] wholeness and unity; honesty and probity  distress (n.) [U] / (vt.) great mental or physical suffering, such as extreme anxiety, sadness, or pain 7

8. Urinary Incontinence The common symptom of Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary leakage of urine. This condition may severely affect quality of life by interfering with work, travel, social recreation and sexual activities. UI can be treated and cured. Sometimes UI can be an indicator of a more serious medical condition. 8

9. Discussion Try to think about … If you were a patient with urinary incontinence, what kind of  Try to think about … If you were a patient with urinary incontinence, what kind of inconvenience you may suffer in your life ？ 9

10. Three Basic Types of UI  Urge incontinence over activity of detrusor muscle the patient may suddenly feels the need or urge to go to the bathroom the bladder involuntarily empties during (1)sleep, (2)after drinking a small amount of water, or (3)while touching water or even when hearing it run 10

11. Three Basic Types of UI ‚ Stress incontinence High intra-abdominal pressure and weak pelvic floor muscle. Intra-abdominal pressure may increase during laughing, coughing or sneezing. The most prevalent form of incontinence in elderly patients 11

12. Three Basic Types of UI ƒ Overflow incontinence Blocked urethra or weak bladder muscle Urine accumulates in the bladder until maximum bladder capacity is reached, and then leaks through the urethra by "overflow" Patients may feel that they never completely empty the bladder and experience constant dribbling after passing urine. 12

13. The Main Cause of UI Temporary : 1. Urinary tract or vaginal (for female) infection. 2. Constipation. 3. Effects from some medicine. Persistent : 1. Weakness of the urethral sphincter. 2. Overactive bladder. 3. Hormone imbalance. (in female) 4. Neurological disorders or immobility. 13

14. Is There Any Treatment of UI ？  Most types of urinary incontinence can be effectively treated and the symptoms improved the type of incontinence present is determined. 1. Exercises: strengthen the muscles of the pelvis. 2. Medications: some drugs can cure the UI. 3. Surgery 14

15.  Patients should be encouraged to identify their symptoms to help the doctor diagnose the type of UI and select an appropriate treatment.  Also, it is important that healthcare professionals provide patients with relevant support, self-care education, and information about treatment and support group. Health Education 15

16. Conclusion 16

17. Topic 6/Reading 4 P.59~60 17

18. Brainstorming Do you believe that mental belief can change physical conditions? 18

19. Main Idea How a patient controls her disease by helping others. If you changes your thinking, you changes your experience. 19

20. Vocabulary-1  Sclerosis (n.) [Medical] a medical condition that causes the soft organs and tissues of the body to become hard  plummet (v.) to fall very quickly and suddenly  scribble (v.) to write or draw something quickly or without thought, or to make meaningless marks  Insomnia (n.) [Medical] the condition of being unable to sleep 20

21. Vocabulary-2  startling (a.) surprising; astonishing.  flare-up (phr.) a sudden increase in or occasion of something such as an illness, violence, or an expression of emotion  fare (v.) to progress or to be in a particular condition 21

22. Vocabulary-3  altruism (n.) the attitude of caring about others and doing acts that help them although you do not get anything by doing those acts  antidote (n.) the drug that acts against the bad effects of a poison to limit the harm it can do  dub (v.) to give something or someone a particular name 22

23. The Story of Cami Walker… Cami Walker, who suffers from multiple sclerosis, controlled her disease by doing things like making supportive phone calls or saving a piece of chocolate cake for her husband. She gave a gift a day for 29 days. The action has given Ms. Walker more positive outlook on life, and it seemed to greatly relieve her physical suffering. 23

24. The Story of Cami Walker… 24

25. Supporting details 1. “It gives life a greater meaning when we make this kind of shift in direction of others and get away from our own self-preoccupation and problem.” -- Stephen G. Post 2. a research, at the Buck Institute for Age Research, found a strong benefit to volunteerism. According to the research, elderly people who volunteered for more than four hours a week were 44 percent less likely to die during the study period. 25

26. Supporting details 3. A Miami study of patients with HIV found that “those with stronger altruistic characteristics had lower levels of stress hormones”. 4. In a study of 150 heart patients, researchers found that ”people who had more self-references had more severe heart disease and did worse on treadmill tests”. 26

27. Discussion-1 27

28. Discussion-2 28

29. My Point of View 29

30. Conclusion  Helping others makes us feel happy and thus makes something unhappy disappear.  To rid yourself of negative emotional state, you need to push them aside with POSITIVE emotional state. 30

31. Thanks for your attention! 31