2. Sept. 11Pg. 12 Focus: Scientific Inquiry Skill: Graphs Objective: Scientists gather and organize data Homework: data table, parent signature Warm Up: Answer 1.Write the steps for creating a data table. 2.What is a graph? How is it different from a data table?

3. How am I doing? 4 columns DateAssessment TitleGrade Signature

4. Table of Contents 4 columns Page Number Date Focus Objective #

5. Draw the Axes

6. Identify the Axes Y- Axis X- Axis

7. Identify the Axes Y- Axis X- Axis Dependent Variable (what is observed and measured) Independent Variable (what is changed by the scientist)

8. One way to remember which data goes on which axis is the acronym DRY MIX. D.R.Y. M.I.X. D- DependentM- Manipulated R- Responding I- Independent Y- Y-axisX- X-axis DRY MIX

9. Title Write an appropriate title for the graph at the top. The title should contain both the independent and dependent variables.

10. Scale Decide on an appropriate scale for each axis. The scale refers to the min and max numbers used on each axis. They may or may not begin at zero. The min and max numbers used for the scale should be a little lower than the lowest value and a little higher than the highest value. This allows you to have a smaller range which emphasizes the comparisons/trends in the data.

11. Scale The Y-axis scale is from 0-100. The largest value though is only 35.

12. Scale The Y-axis scale is now from 0-40. This does a better job emphasizing the comparisons between coins.

13. Intervals Look at your minimum and maximum values you set up for both the Y and X-axis. (For most bar graphs, the X- axis will not have numerical values.) Decide on an appropriate interval for the scale you have chosen. The interval is the amount between one value and the next. It is highly recommended to use a common number for an interval such as 2, 5, 10, 25, 100, etc.

14. Intervals The interval for the Y-axis is 20. The X-axis does not have numerical data and does not need an interval.

15. Labels Both axes need to be labeled so the reader knows exactly what the independent and dependent variables are. The dependent variable must be specific and include the units used to measure the data (such as “number of drops”).

16. Labels DV label IV label

17. Another handy acronym to help you remember everything you need to create your graphs….. T.A.I.L.S. T itle A xis I nterval L abels S cale TAILS

18. Title: Includes both variables Axis: IV on X-axis and DV on Y-axis Interval: The interval (4) is appropriate for this scale. Label: Both axes are labeled. Scale: Min and max values are appropriate.

19. Graphing Rules Notes Purpose of a Graph: to show data visually Bar graphs: used for data that is not connected, such as types of vegetables

20. Title Y axis label X axis label Independent Variables 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dependent Variables Bars

21. Title Vegetable Choices of Guinea Pigs Y axis label Percentage of Food Choice X axis label Food Choices Independent Variables Carrots Broccoli Lettuce 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dependent Variables Discontinuous Data: Bar Graph

22. How to Make a Bar Graph 1. Dependent Variable: y-axis 2. Independent Variable: x-axis 3. Number the y-axis 4. Label the x and y-axis 5. Draw a bar for each data value 6. Label each bar 7. Give your graph a title

23. Graphing Rules Notes Purpose of a Graph: to show data visually Line graphs: used for data that is connected, such as over a period of time. Lines consist of connected dots.

24. Line Graph A line graph is a graph used to show change over time !! What can time be measured in??? Seconds - Minutes - Hours – Days - Weeks - Months – Years - Decades - Centuries - etc.

25. When to use a line graph? Would we use a line graph in the following situations: To show how many people like pizza in this class? NO To show how many people live in East Meadow? NO To show how much it rained each month this year? YES- because months and years deal with time.

26. How do we make a line graph? A line graph ALWAYS has a title! A line graph has two different axis’s An axis is either the horizontal line (called x) or the vertical line (called y) that form the base lines of a graph. Y X

27. Title Y axis label X axis label Independent Variables 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dependent Variables Points

28. Plotting a Line graph When we are plotting a line graph, it is important to read what information is on each axis. There must be a label on each axis that describes the information. Much like a bar graph, we look at the x- axis first in order to plot our points. Time in minutes

29. Year Number of Cases of Lead Exposure 19871044 1988789 1989884 1990653 1991690 1992807 19931900 19941988 19951718 19961382 19971156

30. Is this an acceptable graph? Time Car Trip

31. Bar Graphs vs Line Graphs

32. Bar Graphs Bar graphs are descriptive. They compare groups of data such as amounts and categories. They help us make generalizations and see differences in the data.

33. Example

34. Another example

35. Line Graphs Line graphs show a relationship between the two variables. They show how/if the IV affects the DV. Many times, the IV plotted on the X-axis is time. They are useful for showing trends in data and for making predictions.

36. Example

37. Another example