1. Finding the Inverse of a Matrix

2. Properties of Matrices
We have discovered that the commutative property for multiplication does not work for matrix multiplication. Let’s consider some of the other properties of real numbers. Is there a multiplicative identity for matrices? Is there a multiplicative inverse for matrices?

3. The Multiplicative Identity
The multiplicative identity for real numbers is the number 1. The property is:
If a is a real number, then a x 1 = 1 x a = a.
In terms of matrices we need a matrix that can be multiplied by a matrix (A) and give a product which is the same matrix (A).

4. The Multiplicative Identity
This matrix exists and it is called the identity matrix. It is named I and it comes in different sizes. It is a square matrix with all 1’s on the main diagonal and all other entries are 0.

5. The Multiplicative Identity
Multiply AI
a11= (-2)(1) + (5)(0) = -2 a12= (-2)(0) + (5)(1) = 5 a21= (4)(1) + (0)(0) = 4 a22= (4)(0) + (0)(1) = 0

6. The Identity Matrix for Multiplication
Let A be a square matrix with n rows and n columns. Let I be a matrix with the same dimensions and with 1’s on the main diagonal and 0’s elsewhere.
Then AI = IA = A

7. The Multiplicative Identity
Give the multiplicative identity for matrix B.
This identity matrix is I4.

8. The Multiplicative Inverse
For every nonzero real number a, there is a real number 1/a such that a(1/a) = 1.
In terms of matrices, the product of a square matrix and its inverse is I.

9. The Inverse of a Matrix
Let A be a square matrix with n rows and n columns. If there is an n x n matrix B such that AB = I and BA = I, then A and B are inverses of one another. The inverse of matrix A is denoted by A-1.

10. The Inverse of a Matrix
To show that matrices are inverses of one another, show that the multiplication of the matrices is commutative and results in the identity matrix.
Show that A and B are inverses.

11. The Inverse of a Matrix
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12. The Inverse of a Matrix

13. Finding the Inverse of a Matrix - Method 1
Use the equation AB = I.
Write and solve the equation:

14. Inverses – Method 1, cont.

15. Inverses – Method 1, cont. So the inverse of A =
We can check this by multiplying A x A-1

16. Finding the Inverse with a Calculator
To find the inverse of a matrix using the calculator, enter the matrix into the calculator and use the x-1 key.

17. Finding the Inverse with a Calculator
Find the inverse of each matrix using the calculator.

18. Finding the Inverse with a Calculator
This error message means that the matrix does not have an inverse.
A matrix that does not have an inverse is called an invertible matrix.

19. Determinants
Each square matrix can be assigned a real number called the determinant of the matrix. It is denoted by the symbol
means the determinant of A.

20. Determinants
The determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix is found as follows:

21. Determinants
Find the determinant of the matrix.

22. Determinants Find the determinant of the matrix.
If the determinant of a matrix = 0, the matrix does not have an inverse. Matrix H is invertible.

23. Determinants can be used to find the inverse of a matrix.

24. Determinants can be used to find the inverse of a matrix.
is called the adjoint of the original matrix. Notice it is
found by switching the entries on the main diagonal and changing the signs of the entries on the other diagonal.

25. Find the multiplicative inverse of:

26. We can check to see if we are correct by multiplying
We can check to see if we are correct by multiplying. Remember that AA-1 = I

27. Find the inverse using determinants.

28. Find the inverse No inverse
Recall that when the determinant of a matrix is 0 the matrix will not have an inverse because division by 0 is undefined.

29. Finding the determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix

30. Finding the determinant of a 3x3 matrix.
One way to find the determinant of a 3x3 matrix is the formula below.

31. Find the determinant using the formula

32. Find the determinant using the formula

33. Find the determinant using the formula

34. Find the determinant using the formula