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Clauses, Phrases & Sentence Types English 10 Academic Mrs. Llanos Phrases Clauses Sentence Types Independent Dependent Fragments Fused Simple Compound Complex Compound- Complex Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
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Independent & Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a complete sentence Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence a group of words that contains a subject and a verb Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a complete sentence Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence
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Independent & Subordinate Clauses Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or subordinate clauses. 1.Before you sign up for a vacation trip, read the fine print. 2.Most tour companies are responsible operators. 3.However, travelers must agree to their terms and conditions. 4.Whenever you see the word “ liability, ” read the text carefully. 5.Pay attention to the details as you read.
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Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or subordinate clauses. 6.Tour companies hire outside services, but they aren’t responsible for mishaps with those services. 7.If the airline loses your luggage, the tour company isn’t accountable. 8.When there’s no heat in the mountain lodge, the tour guide can only sympathize. 9.In fact, he or she will probably complain as much as you will. 10.Of course, no one is responsible if Mother Nature rains on your vacation.
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Simple & Compound Sentences 1.Simple Sentence = one independent clause Ex: The cow jumps over the moon. 2.Compound Sentence = two or more independent clauses joined by conjunction(s) - Independent clauses may be joined by a semicolon (used alone or with a transition). Ex: The cow jumps over the moon, and the fork ran away with the spoon. Subject + Verb + Complete Thought Conjunctions = connectors
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Simple & Compound Sentences
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part of a sentence has been left out A fragment doesn’t convey a complete thought. Sentence Fragments
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My little sister has a dance recital tonight. Missing Subject My mother sat up all night sewing her costume. My sister will dance the part of the leading ladybug. She is scheduled to perform at the end of the recital. I feel I ought to go, since she goes to all my soccer games. OR Since She goes to all my soccer games. Missing Verb Missing Helping Verb Missing Subject & Verb Subordinate Clause Sentence Fragments
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In 1865 Western Union needed a telegraph cable. To link America to Europe. Before they could lay the cable across Siberia. Someone needed to survey the land. The task of surveying to George Kennan, an accomplished telegrapher. went Sentence Fragments
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two or more sentences have been run together without adequate punctuation It doesn’t show clearly where one idea begins and another ends. Fused Sentences
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In 1972, a company called Atari created the first video game. It was called Pong. Missing End Mark Comma Splice (Two complete thoughts are separated only by a comma.) By modern standards it was a very simple game, but it quickly achieved great popularity. By modern standards it was a very simple game; it quickly achieved great popularity. By modern standards it was a very simple game. It quickly achieved great popularity. Fused (Run-On) Sentences
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Kennan was not a linguist, he thought Russian was impossible to learn. Fused (Run-On) Sentences
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Complex Sentences Complex Sentence = one independent clause + 1 or more dependent clauses Ex: While Mary cooks dinner, she watches the evening news. Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
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Complex Sentences
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Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences althoughwhat(ever)where(ver) beforethatbecause when(ever)which(ever)during if(even) thoughwho(m)(ever) whileaftersince
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Dependent Clauses in Complex Sentences
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Compound-Complex Sentences Compound-Complex Sentence = 2 independent clauses joined by a conjunction + 1 or more dependent clause(s) Ex: I read Frankenstein, which Mary Shelley wrote, and I reported on it. Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
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Compound-Complex Sentences
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Sentence Type Review
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