1. Animal Ethics

2. Create a list and brief explanation of 5 animal rights issues

4. John, a college student, has become involved in an animal rights group on campus. He feels that animals should no longer be used for food, clothing, medical research or entertainment.

5. Visiting home for Thanksgiving, he refuses to eat the turkey and gets into a heated argument with his family. His father is furious, arguing that he worked for hours to cook the meal and the bird shouldn’t go to waste now. He demands that John eat some turkey, and says that actions like John’s are neither practical nor meaningful.

6. How do you think John should respond? Write your reply on a sheet of scrap paper. Do not put your name on it. I will collect it.

7. Animal Rights Animal Exploitation Animal Liberation Animal Rights Animal Welfare No lab No lab No farm No farm No entertainment No entertainment No wild (hunting) No wild (hunting) Humane use Humane use Well being Well being No cruelty No cruelty

8. Animal Rights Biblical History—Old Testament Rest on Sabbath Rest on Sabbath No boiling of kid in mother’s milk No boiling of kid in mother’s milk No yoking of animals of different sizes No yoking of animals of different sizes

9. Animal Rights Ancient Greece—Triptolemus Sacrifice only fruits of the Earth Sacrifice only fruits of the Earth Injure not the animals Injure not the animals

10. Animal Rights India No living things sacrificed No living things sacrificed No slaughter No slaughter

11. Animal Rights Secular Laws: Ireland 1635 No working of tails No working of tails No pulling of sheep’s wool No pulling of sheep’s wool

12. Animal Rights Secular Laws: Martin’s Act, 1822 Richard Martin Richard Martin Proper treatment of cattle Proper treatment of cattle Modern laws based on Act Modern laws based on Act

13. Animal Rights Carl Linneaus Taxonomy Animals listed in relation to humans Animals listed in relation to humans Humans highest order Humans highest order

14. Animal Rights Charles Darwin Origin of the Species Origin of the Species

15. Animal Rights Before Linnaeus: Human Perspective Unfeeling Unfeeling Automatons Automatons

16. Animal Rights Animal Welfare Organizations 1824-SPCA 1824-SPCA 1840-RSPCA 1840-RSPCA 1866-ASPCA 1866-ASPCA

17. Animal Rights Henry Stephens Salt 1892-Animal Rights 1892-Animal Rights

18. Animal Rights Humane Society 1954 1954

19. Animal Rights Social Protest Movements’ Zeitgeist 1960s-70s 1960s-70s Civil Rights Civil Rights Anti-War Anti-War

20. Animal Rights Cleveland Amory 1967 – Protect Wild Animal Rights 1967 – Protect Wild Animal Rights

21. Animal Rights Proliferation of Groups PETA PETA FARM FARM ALF ALF Earthsave Earthsave Farm Sanctuary Farm Sanctuary

22. Animal Rights Philosophers Descartes – 1600s, humans are superior Descartes – 1600s, humans are superior Animals can’t think, therefore, can’t feel Animals can’t think, therefore, can’t feel Abuses abounded Abuses abounded

23. Animal Rights Philosophers Peter Singer – 1975 Peter Singer – 1975 Animal Liberation published Animal Liberation published

24. Animal Rights Is there a difference between Animal Rights and Animal Welfare?

25. Animal Rights Animal Welfare Animal Liberation Accept certain uses if suffering minimal Larger cages Relative Empty cages Absolute

26. Animals In Research Today IACUC 3Rs – Reduction – Replacement – Refinement

27. Animals In Research Today Reduction – Research uses the fewest numbers of animals Replacement – Research uses lower order animals whenever possible Refinement – Least amount of pain and suffering

28. Animals In Research Today Benefits – Vaccines – New technologies – Affects of biological and nuclear warfare on humans

29. The Pro-Animal Rights View Sentient being responsive to or conscious of sense impressions Perceive Conscious

30. Moral Agent Babies? Animals? Mentally disabled?

31. Babies have rights. Animals do not.

32. Speciesism 'Speciesism' is the idea that being human is a good enough reason for human animals to have greater moral rights than non-human animals.

33. Vivisection Literal cutting up or into live animals. Experimental procedures that result in injury/death

34. Male/Female Male gets greater weight

35. Gay/Straight Straight gets greater weight

36. Negative right Michael Vick case Inflicted pain/suffering/death on dogs

37. How are we different than Vick? 58 billion animals killed each year

38. The Opposite View Animals: no moral nature. Not a Holocaust Not murder Hurt/killing animals, lamentable Not slavery. Not locking up different Operate on instincts

39. Animals In Research Today 100 million vertebrates annually – Vertebrates have backbone – Non-vertebrates (worms, e.g.) used, too. Bred, wild or pounds Most euthanized after experimentation Mice, rats, fish, rabbits, cats, dog monkeys, e.g. Vast majority rats and mice.

40. Animals In Research Today Animals used in… Medical Cosmetic Defense Genetic Behavioral

41. Animals In Research Today World Health Organizations-issued principles U.S. principles stricter – Approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) – IACUC comprised of veterinarians, industry professionals

42. A Closer Look - Baboons Research causes great pain and suffering Head trauma research at Penn – Baboons and monkeys were subjects – Same type of vertebrates as humans Animals subjected to whiplash – Car accidents – Sports injuries

43. A Closer Look - Baboons Animal kept alive for several weeks Euthanized Brain pathology

44. A Closer Look - Baboons http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3dw0u_unnecessary-fuss-partie-1_politics

45. What Ethical Issues Are Raised? Animal Rights and Moral Value – Animals have moral value, just like humans – Most animals after age 1, perceive their world – They should live without human interference ~Tom Regan in The Case for Animal Rights

46. What Ethical Issues Are Raised? Animal Rights and Moral Value – Animals can feel pain and suffer – They should be respected – Animal interests should be counted ~Peter Singer in Animal Liberation

47. What Ethical Issues Are Raised? Comparative Utility – It is better to experiment on rats and rabbits than people. – No replacement for animal research – Experiment, save lives, as opposed not experimenting.

48. What Ethical Issues Are Raised? Anthropocentrism – Anthropocentrism is human-centeredness. Poll: One of the "R's" is replacement of higher-order animals with those of lower-orders. Is this fair?

49. Homework 1.Define the following: 1.Anthropocentrism 2.Vivisection 3.Speciesism.

50. Homework 1.Explain some of the uses of animals in current research. Include URL. 2.Define and explain the 3 R's.