1. From Dream To Reality ISU SSP’2000 Design Prodject: Space Tourism From Dream to Reality Presented by: Vemund Reggestad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

2. From Dream To Reality OUR MISSION is to expand opportunities for humans to experience space by proposing a framework for tourism that is enduring, evolutionary and open to all. Mission Statement

3. From Dream To Reality Design Project Overview 1.Introduction: Definition and Rationale for ST 2.Current Space Tourism Activities 3.Pre-orbital Space Tourism 4.Tourism in Earth Orbit 5.Future Vision of Space Tourism

4. From Dream To Reality Way Space Tourism? It is in the basic human nature to explore and travel to new and exciting places The dream of becoming a space explorer is common among people all over the world Seeing the Earth from space brings a strong sense of unity A commercially operated ST industry will have a profound beneficial effect of the global economy SPACE TOURISM WILL HAPPEN!

5. From Dream To Reality Definitions Definition of space tourism and space tourist –SPACE TOURISM: Providing services for humans to access and experience space for adventure and recreation.. –SPACE TOURIST: A person who travels to and experiences space for adventure and recreation. Also, space traveller, space client, space passenger.

6. From Dream To Reality Design Project Overview 1.Introduction: Definition and Rationale for ST 2.Current Space Tourism Activities 3.Pre-orbital Space Tourism 4.Tourism in Earth Orbit 5.Future Vision of Space Tourism

7. From Dream To Reality Current situation (cont.) Existing space related tourism activities: –Cosmonaut training –Parabolic flights –Flying in a jet fighter MirCorp: –Private venture that is commercialising the Mir space station –First “Citizen Explorer” to be launched next year

8. From Dream To Reality Space Tourism Potential: Tourism is world´s leading economic contribution Big demand for space tourism, according to surveys Space Service companies already exist: Space Adventures, Incredible Adventures, MirCorp But: High launch prices Lack of government interest and co-investments Lack of private investors Lack of specific international space laws. Current situation (cont.)

9. From Dream To Reality Design Project Overview 1.Introduction: Definition and Rationale for ST 2.Current Space Tourism Activities 3.Pre-orbital Space Tourism The bridge 4.Tourism in Earth Orbit 5.Future Vision of Space Tourism

10. From Dream To Reality Next step Sub-Orbital flights: X-prize competition: US$10 million for reaching 100 km with 3 passengers, to be flown by the same vehicle twice in two weeks. Many competitors, no flights yet

11. From Dream To Reality Next step (cont.) Achieving X-prize requirements will change people´s mindset (investors, space agencies, potential space tourists) BUT Market surveys: Sufficient potential for ticket prices of $50 000 to $100 000 Our ticket price estimate for X-prize vehicles is around $500 000 Larger spacecraft with more passengers

12. From Dream To Reality Next Step (cont.) Technology for sub-orbital space tourist rocket vehicles exists No stringent medical requirements But Additional Technology and Business development required to make it safe, reliable and profitable Regulations need to be set up or adapted –Air and Space traffic control. –FAA reguations

13. From Dream To Reality Design Project Overview 1.Introduction: Definition and Rationale for ST 2.Current Space Tourism Activities 3.Pre-orbital Space Tourism 4.Tourism in Earth Orbit The step to real Space Tourism 5.Future Vision of Space Tourism

14. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism Five basic options are presented to make a choice from, regarding the configuration of the launch vehicle and the method employed to reach orbit : –Free-flying vehicle vs Orbital facility –Single vs Two stages to orbit –Rockets vs Combination with air-breathing engines –Horizontal vs Vertical takeoff –Horizontal vs Vertical landing There are advantages and disadvantages to all these options

15. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism(cont.) Other technical issues : Safety: Reliability during takeoff and landing, Sufficient shielding against debris Radiation hazards Ground facilities: More like an Airport than Launch Pad. New systems for Air & Space Traffic Control. Maintanance

16. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism(cont.) A total pagage for tourists need to be developed: Preflight (six months before flight): Information about all aspects of the space flight Inflight: Comfort during launch and re-entry Windows for Earth viewing Scientific experiments Zero-g sport/activities Postflight (3 days -1 week).

17. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism(cont.) Medical questions: Tourist Selection: Normal people Physiological Effects For most people, space motion sickness is the only major barrier to an enjoyable experience. Required regulations: Limited liability Detailed certification and licensing Air and Space Traffic regulation

18. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism(cont.) Buisness: Incremental growth. Start with : –Large corporations to offer attention-grabbing, media-friendly prizes. –Young wealthy-and-healthy individuals. General public later on when –Comfort and safety increase –Prices decrease Finaning is the main problem!

19. From Dream To Reality Orbital Space Tourism(cont.) Conclutions: Governments should establish the regulatory environment to allow and promote space tourism A lot of technology required for orbital space tourism exists, but much remains to be developed –Efficient, safe, reusable launch vehicles –Ground infrastructure enabling efficient operations Goverments should spend money to help developing this technology!

20. From Dream To Reality Design Project Overview 1.Introduction: Definition and Rationale for ST 2.Current Space Tourism Activities 3.Pre-orbital Space Tourism 4.Tourism in Earth Orbit 5.Future Vision of Space Tourism

21. From Dream To Reality Future Vision : Results We travel in ways that were unthinkable one century ago; for Space Tourism it will be similar. "It is difficult to say what is impossible, for yesterday's dream is today's hope and tomorrow's reality" - Robert Goddard

22. From Dream To Reality Future Vision : Results BUT Breakthroughs in propulsion technology required: –Electric Propulsion Engines –Solar and Laser Sails Adverse effects of microgravity: further research needed Life Support Systems and comfort for customers: much progress still to be made, technological research needed Current non-appropriation principles for Outer Space Treaty will need either revision or re-interpretation Issues of liability, criminal jurisdiction and taxation to be resolved

23. From Dream To Reality CD-ROM: Interactive Report Printed Report The Design Project Report Please contact ISU, if you are interested!

24. From Dream To Reality Q u e s t i o n s ? Co-Chairs: Angie Bukley, Wendell Mendell Teaching Assistant: Maryann Brent S t u d e n t s Patricia Garner Patrizio Graziano Alina Hale Felipe Hernandez Loretta Hidalgo Tomohiro Ichikawa Arif Janjua Hiroshi Kawabe Shane Kemper Jan-Albert Koekemoer Raffi Kuyumjian Pierre Lenhardt Guanghua Luo Jose Mariano Lopez Uridiales Weng Ang Olaf Appel Brian Arenare Yanqiang Bai Bertrand Beaud Thomas Berger Philippos Beveratos Torsten Bondo Barry Cayen Kimberly Cyr Frederico de Faria Elsner Frans Doejaaren Katia Dyrda Shuxing Feng Jose Luis Flores Cayen Keiko Minagawa Henrik Norin Niall O’Byrnes Valerio Raganelli Vemund Reggestad Michiel Rodenhuis Steffen Scharfenberg Anja Stromme Asli Pinar Tan Elaine Tan Caroline Tomas Michel Van Pelt Doinita Magdalena Voica Bin Wu