1. Electronics: Bridging the gap between 8 th grade studies and High School Presented by: Donna J. Casanova 8 th grade Physical Science Providence Public Schools Nov. 1, 2006

2. Today’s Lesson: A great truth of circuitry: A little background.  One of the 3 great truths: The sum of the voltage drops across the components in a series circuit is equal to the voltage at the source. (V s = V 1 +V 2 +V 3 …..V n )  Vocabulary: 1. Voltage drop: A multi-meter measures the amount of voltage that was used to push current through the component. The multi- meter reading is referred to as the voltage drop. 2. Component: From the battery to the solder, a electrical component is any intricate part of circuitry that conducts electricity. 3. Series Circuit: An electrical circuit providing only one pathway for the electricity to flow. 4. Voltage: A measure of electrical potential. It is the “push” that moves electrons through conductors. 5. Current: Electricity moving through a complete circuit. 6. Source: The component from which electrical current flows. In this case the source will be a 9 Volt battery. 7. Voltmeter: measures the amount of voltage on the 2 sides of the component, or the amount used by a component.

3. The Multi- meter  Measures an array of things.  Voltage is one of them  You should turn the multi- meter to the left and set it at 20 V  We select 20V because it’s the closest to the 9V battery we are using.  Measure the actual voltage at the source.  Document voltage  Measure voltage drop across each component.  Does it add up?

4. Inquiring minds want to know...  What is the actual voltage at the source? Is the battery really 9V?  Why do you think you don’t have all 9V’s?  What do you think is wrong if you are getting a negative reading for your voltage drop?  Red is positive, black is negative…  Conventional flow or electron flow?  Do different components take up different amounts of Voltage?  Try them all!

5. Making the connections to High School!  Biology: 1. Conservation of Energy. 2. Organic/inorganic: a. Light to electrical impulses. b. Electrical to light energy.  Chemistry: 1. Periodic Table, conducting elements. 2. Valance electrons levels 3. Chemical equations: one side is equal to the other.  Physics: 1. Conservation of energy 2. Ohms law 3. Potential Voltage

6. Remember: Your circuit must be closed in order to read the voltage drop.  Use your formula: V s =V 1 +V 2 +V 3 ….V N  How do you think Electronics connects to High School studies?