1. E DWIN L UTYENS

2. B ORN M ARCH 29, 1869 L ONDON D IED J ANUARY 1, 1944 ( AGED 74) N ATIONALITY U NITED K INGDOM

3. INTRODUCTION MAJOR WORKS CONTRIBUTION IN REFORMING NEW DEHLI IMPORTANT BUILDINGS RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN MARSH COURT INFERENCE REFERENCE INTRODUCTION MAJOR WORKS CONTRIBUTION IN REFORMING NEW DEHLI IMPORTANT BUILDINGS RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN MARSH COURT INFERENCE REFERENCE C ONTENT

4. I NTRODUCTION Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was a major 20th century British architect. He was born in London and grew up in Thorley, Surrey, the son of Charles Henry Augustus Lutyens and Mary Theresa Gallwey. Lutyens studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London from 1885 to 1887. Adapted traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He has been referred to as "the greatest British architect”. Instrumental role in designing and building a section of the metropolis of Delhi. Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was a major 20th century British architect. He was born in London and grew up in Thorley, Surrey, the son of Charles Henry Augustus Lutyens and Mary Theresa Gallwey. Lutyens studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London from 1885 to 1887. Adapted traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He has been referred to as "the greatest British architect”. Instrumental role in designing and building a section of the metropolis of Delhi.

5. He was knighted in 1918 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy in 1921 In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission, a position he held until his death. n 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and they are credited as its co-authors. Lutyens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1930. Few of his major works in Delhi were: -India Gate. - Rashtrapati Bhavan. He was knighted in 1918 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy in 1921 In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission, a position he held until his death. n 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and they are credited as its co-authors. Lutyens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1930. Few of his major works in Delhi were: -India Gate. - Rashtrapati Bhavan.

6. M AJOR WORKS He contributed to India's new imperial capital, dehli. -where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others. -here he added local architectural style to his classicism. Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool. Before the end of World War I, he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission. Was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. -Larger cemeteries have a Stone of Remembrance, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. He contributed to India's new imperial capital, dehli. -where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others. -here he added local architectural style to his classicism. Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool. Before the end of World War I, he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission. Was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. -Larger cemeteries have a Stone of Remembrance, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.

7. H YDERABAD H OUSE  Designed the Hyderaba d House for the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as his Delhi palace.

8. M ARSH C OURT, IN H AMPSHIRE, E NGLAND  Built between 1901 and 1905  It is the last of his Tudor designs and was based on a variant of ancient ram med earth buildin g techniques.  chalk building.

9. M UGHAL WATER GARDENS.  He added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanization scheme on Mughal wat er gardens.

10. O VERSTRAND H ALL AND L E B OIS DES M OUTIERS  Initially, his designs were all Arts and Crafts style, a good example being Overstrand Hall Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers (1898) in France, but during the early 1900s his work became more classical in style. OverstrandHall Norfolk Le Bois des Moutiers

11. W AR M EMORIAL G ARDENS IN D UBLIN  Designed the War Memorial Gardens in Dub lin, which were restored in the 1990s.

12. T OWER H ILL MEMORIAL  Tower Hill memorial, (similar to his India Gate design) a memorial in Victoria Park in Leicest er.

13. Q UEEN M ARY ' S D OLLS ' H OUSE  In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls' House.

14. C ENOTAPH IN W HITEHALL AND M EMORIAL TO THE M ISSING  The best known of these monuments are the Cenotaph in Whitehall, West minster, and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme,Thiepval. Cenotaph in Whitehall, Westminster Memorial to the Missing of the Somme,Thiepval.

15. St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb Ednaston Manor Mothercombe House, Plymouth

16. C ONTRIBUTION IN REFORMING D ELHI Delhi was largely designed by Lutyens over twenty or so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi Delhi was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new Order of classical architecture, which has become known as the "Delhi Order" and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford. he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture-clearly seen in Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan. Delhi was largely designed by Lutyens over twenty or so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi Delhi was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new Order of classical architecture, which has become known as the "Delhi Order" and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford. he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture-clearly seen in Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan.

17. JAIPUR COLUMN PARLIAMENT RED FORT INDIA GATE

18. Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues. He designed the four bungalows in the Presidential Estate surrounding Rashtrapati Bhavan at Willingdon Crescent now known as Mother Teresa Crescent. The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices, was built distinctively of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mughal style. Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues. He designed the four bungalows in the Presidential Estate surrounding Rashtrapati Bhavan at Willingdon Crescent now known as Mother Teresa Crescent. The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices, was built distinctively of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mughal style.

19. I MPORTANT BUILDINGS

20. R ASHTRAPATI BHAVAN  The building was designed as the official residence of the Viceroy of India and is now the official residence of the President of India.  Was known as Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan.

22. D ESIGN FEATURES  The front of the palace, on the east side, has twelve unevenly spaced columns with the Delhi order capitals.  The dome is inspired by the Pantheon of Rome.  Lutyens had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end.  These capitals have a fusion of acanthus leaves with the four pendant Indian bells  There were grilles made from red sandstone, called jalis or jaalis.

23. D ESIGN FEATURES Incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens. Overall the structure is distinctly different from other contemporary British Colonial symbols There were also statues of elephants and fountain sculptures of cobras in the gar of the retaining walls. The lions symbolise Britain, as the lion was often used for this purpose. There is also the presence of Mughal and European colonial architectural elements. Circular stone basins on the top of the palace, as water features are an important part of Indian architecture. There is also an open area in one room to the sky, which lets in much of the natural light. Incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens. Overall the structure is distinctly different from other contemporary British Colonial symbols There were also statues of elephants and fountain sculptures of cobras in the gar of the retaining walls. The lions symbolise Britain, as the lion was often used for this purpose. There is also the presence of Mughal and European colonial architectural elements. Circular stone basins on the top of the palace, as water features are an important part of Indian architecture. There is also an open area in one room to the sky, which lets in much of the natural light.

24. Water features are also through the palace, such as near the Viceroy's stairs, which has eight marble lion statues spilling water into six basins. The place where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market; it was there that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the D-shaped market seen today. At the centre of the main part of the palace, underneath the main dome, is the Durbar Hall, which was known as the Throne Room during British rule when it had thrones for the Viceroy Water features are also through the palace, such as near the Viceroy's stairs, which has eight marble lion statues spilling water into six basins. The place where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market; it was there that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the D-shaped market seen today. At the centre of the main part of the palace, underneath the main dome, is the Durbar Hall, which was known as the Throne Room during British rule when it had thrones for the Viceroy

25. S ITE PLAN  Contains 340 rooms.  Built on an area of some 330 acres (1.3 km²).  The hall has a 2- ton chandelier which hangs from a 33- metre height.  On each of the four corners of the hall is a room, including two state drawing rooms, a state supper room and the state library.

26.  It is a sharp, thin, protruding element which extends out.  It stopsharsh sunlight from getting to the windows and also stops rain during a monsoon season. T RADITIONAL I NDIAN CHUJJA OR CHHAJJA.

27. T RADITIONAL CHUTTRIS  On the roofline were several chuttris, which helps to break up the look of the flat part of the roofline not covered by the dome.

28. M ARSH COURT  Marsh Court echoes something of the character of the client, Herbert Johnson, who was as an “adventurer, stockjobber, and sportsman” who made a fortune, lost it, and made another.  The house, built between 1901 and 1904.

29. D ESIGN FEATURES  Develop his ideas around the ‘Tudor’ style house.  Lutyens has perfected the balance of local materials through clever groupings of shapes and elevations, combined with contrasts in size and stone.  The stark white stone is also softened through the introduction of slates, flint.  Red-brick into the walls to create a mix of regular and irregular patterns such as on the west front which gives the impression of tiles sliding down the walls like rain to pool at the bottom.

30. D ESIGN FEATURES  The interiors are similarly impressive, with grand, almost Baroque, plasterwork in the hallway, combined with the fine paneling elsewhere.  Lutyens’ skill could attempt and succeed with such an architectural fancy. The change from two-storey on the north front to three on the south. Created terraces which ease the house into the landscape.  The interiors are similarly impressive, with grand, almost Baroque, plasterwork in the hallway, combined with the fine paneling elsewhere.  Lutyens’ skill could attempt and succeed with such an architectural fancy. The change from two-storey on the north front to three on the south. Created terraces which ease the house into the landscape.

32. PLAN  ‘ H-plan’, though without the south- east leg, and goes back to his earlier interest in historic English architecture.

33. I NFERENCE From the above literature study, the design elements, that the architect has adapted in his buildings are:  Used animal feature to define the period or situation.  Gardens and fountains or water bodies.  Adapted local architecture in his style of working.  Had a very classical approach to his design.  Had a natural interest in English architecture.