1. 8/6/2002 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specilaist Conference Martin.Lo@jpl.nasa.gov Min-Kun.Chung@jpl.nasa.gov JPL Caltech Lunar Orbit Lunar Sample Return via the Interplanetary Supherhighway EL 1 Moon Earth Moon LL 2 Lander Separation Lander Orbiter EL 2 Lander Return LL 2 Stable Manifold Insertion Lander Return

2. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 2 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Agenda Lunar Sample Return Mission Overview Baseline Mission Scenario –Lunar L 2 Case (LL 2 ) Mission Performance Comparison

3. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 3 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Overview Goal: Collect and Return Lunar Samples to Earth –Aitken Basin on Backside of Moon, (180°, -57°) Launch Combo, the Combined Flight System Communications Orbiter –Desire Continuous Communications Coverage Between Earth and Lander Module Lander/Return Module –Sample Collection in Sun, ~2 Weeks Available –Return to Earth (non-specific target)

4. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 4 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Key Results Metric: Total  V of –Combo –Lander/Return Module –Communications Orbiter Trade Time for Total  V Best Case 1446 m/s Less than Conic Case Baseline 1020 m/s Less than Conic Case Case  T (days) Total  V (m/s) -Conic  V (m/s) LL 2 14685861020 LL 1 1518663943 EL 1 55381601446 Conic 2396060

5. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 5 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL

6. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 6 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Key Concepts Used in the Paper Lunar L2 Halo Link Earth to Lunar Backside –Colombo (L1) –Farquhar: Halo Orbits Dynamical Systems Theory –Poincaré, Connelly, McGehee –Gomez, Jorba, Llibre, Martinez, Masdemont, Simó Hiten-Like Transfers –Belbruno, Miller –Lo, Ross –Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross Heteroclinic Connection Theory –Barden, Howell –Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross

7. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 7 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL JPL LTool Team  Martin LoSection 312  Task Manager  Larry RomansSection 335  Cognizant S/W Engineer (Marthematica Developer)  George HockneySection 367  S/W Architecture & Sys Engineer  Brian BardenSection 312  Trajectory Design & Algorithms  Min-Kun ChungSection 312  Astrodynamics Tools  James EvansSection 368  Infrastructure S/W, Visualization Tools

8. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 8 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case LL 2 : 1020 m/s Cheaper Than Conic LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1 Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL 2 1468586 LL 1 1518663 EL 1 5538160 Conic 239606 BASELINE CASE

9. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 9 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case LL 1 : 943 m/s Cheaper Than Conic Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL 2 1468586 LL 1 1518663 EL 1 5538160 Conic 239606 LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1

10. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 10 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case EL 1 : 1446 m/s Cheaper Than Conic Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL 2 1468586 LL 1 1518663 EL 1 5538160 Conic 239606 LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1

11. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 11 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Direct Transfer to LL 2 Lissajous Orbit Lunar Transfer LL 2 Lissajous Orbit Lunar Landing Lander Return EL 1 Earth Moon EL 2 Lander Return

12. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 12 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Trans-Lunar Phase Trans-Lunar Injection 3122 m/s at 6/14/09 Earth 6/14/90 Lander Return LL 1 LL 2 Moon LL 2 Insertion 570 m/s at 6/18/09 Lander Return Earth 11/7/90

13. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 13 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Stable Manifold Insertion LL 1 LL 2 Moon Trans-Lunar Orbit Lander Return Lander Orbit Orbiter Lander LL 2 Departure: 35 m/s at 7/7/09 Lander Touchdown: 2335 m/s at 7/17/09 Lander Return: 2424 m/s at 7/28/09 LL 2 Case: Lunar Phase

14. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 14 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Earth Moon Rotating Frame EL 1 Earth Moon EL 2 Lander Return

15. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 15 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Lander Return Earth Orbiter LL 2 LL 1 LL 2 Case: EME2000 Inertial Frame

16. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 16 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Lander Return Earth Orbiter EL 2 LL 2 LL 1 LL 2 Case: Sun-Earth Rotating Frame

17. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 17 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection6/1403122 Manifold Insertion 6/184570 LL 2 Halo Arrival 6/2511 Lander LL 2 Departure 7/72335 Lander Landing 7/17332335 Lander Liftoff 7/28442424 Earth Return 11/7146 Navigation 255025  V Total 3717484425

18. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 18 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 LL 2 Heteroclinic Connection LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL 1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL 1 Moon LL 1 Lander Departs for Moon: 95 m/s Landing: 2330 m/s 8.5 days later

19. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 19 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 1 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection6/903100 LL 1 Halo Insertion 6/145600 Orbiter LL 1 Departure 6/191014 Orbiter LL 2 Arrival 7/7280 Lander LL 1 Departure 7/103195 Lander Landing 7/16372330 Lander Liftoff 7/28492424 Earth Return 11/7151 Navigation 255025  V Total 3725489939 LL 2 Case

20. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 20 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL EL 2 EL 1 Case: LL 2 via Earth L 1 EL 1 EL 1 LOI 60 m/s LL 1 LOI 13.2 m/s Reduce LL 2 LOI  V: Launch to EL 1 Fall to LL 2 Once There, Follows LL 2 Case Earth Launch 3193 m/s FAIR/DART Trajctory

21. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 21 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL EL 1 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Earth Launch5/30/0803193 EL 1 Insertion 8/29/089160 LL 2 Halo Arrival 6/2539113 Lander LL 2 Departure 7/740335 Lander Landing 7/174132335 Lander Liftoff 7/284242424 Earth Return 11/7553 Navigation 255025  V Total 3291484425 Reduction by Order of Magnotide LL 2 Case

22. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 22 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Conic Trans-Lunar Orbit Lander in 100-km Lunar Parking Orbit Orbiter in Highly Elliptical Orbit – 100x8700 km, 12 hr Period Conic Case (S. Williams, JPL)

23. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 23 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection7/1603100 Separation 7/171 Lunar Orbit Insertion 7/204.5979481 Lander Apoapsis Burn 7/204.5423 Lander Landing 7/204.581703 Lander Liftoff 8/318.53220 Earth Return 8/823 Navigation 255025  V Total 31255975506 Conic Case (S. Williams, JPL)

24. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 24 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Libration Point Mission Lowers  V Saves Up to 1446 m/s! Provides Continuous Communication Trade  V for Time Case  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Total  V (m/s) -Conic  V (m/s) LL 2 146371748442585861020 LL 1 15137254899398663943 EL 1 553329148442581601446 Conic 233125597550696060

25. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 25 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL END

26. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 26 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Earth Moon LL 1 Lissajous Orbit LL 1 Stable Manifold LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

27. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 27 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 LL 2 Heteroclinic Connection LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

28. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 28 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 Lander Departs for Moon: 95 m/s Landing: 2330 m/s 8.5 days later LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

29. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 29 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Interplanetary Superhighway in the Earth’s Neighborhood Collection of Invariant Manifolds of Quasiperiodic Orbits in the Solar System –Coupled Three Body Systems EARTH EARTH L 2 HALO ORBIT MOON LUNAR L 1 HALO ORBIT LUNAR L 2 HALO ORBIT LUNAR L 1 GATEWAY

30. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 30 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Design with LTool Lissajous Orbits and Manifold Trans-Lunar Trajectory Lander Sample Collection in Sun Lander Insertion Trajectory Heteroclinic Connection from LL 1 to LL 2 Interplanetary Connection from EL 1 to LL 2 Lander Return Trajectory

31. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 31 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL References Barden, Howell, Formation Flying in the Vicinity of Libration Point Orbits, AAS 98-169, Monterey, CA, 2/98 Barden, Howell, Dynamical Issues Associated with Relative Configurations of Multiple Spacecraft Near the Sun-Earth/Moon L1 Point, AAS 99-450, Girdwood, Alaska, 8/99 Gomez, Masdemon, Simo, Lissajous Orbits Around Halo Orbits, AAS 97-106, Huntsville, Alabama, 2/97 Howell, Barden, Lo, Applications of Dynamical Systems Theory to Trajectory Design for a Libration Point Mission, JAS 45(2), April 1997, 161-178 Howell, Marchand, Lo, The Temporary Capture of Short-Period Jupiter Family Comets from the Perspective of Dynamical Systems, AAS 00-155, Clearwater, FL, 1/2000 Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, Heteroclinic Connections between Lyapunov Orbits and Resonance Transitions in Celestial Mechanics, to appear in Chaos

32. Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 32 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL References Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, The Genesis Trajectory and Heteroclinic Connections, AAS99-451, Girdwood, Alaska, August, 1999 Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, Shoot the Moon, AAS00-166, Clearwater, Florida, January, 2000 Lo, The InterPlanetary Superhighway and the Origins Program, IEEE Aerospace2002 Conference, Big Sky, MT, February, 2002 Lo et al., Genesis Mission Design, AIAA 98-4468, Boston, MA, August, 1998 Serban, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Petzold, Ross, Wilson, Halo Orbit Correction Maneuvers Using Optimal Control, submitted to Automatica, April, 2000 Scheeres, Vinh, Dynamis and Control of Relative Motion in an Unstable Orbit, AIAA Paper 2000-4135, August, 2000