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ANCIENT GREECE GARDNER CHAPTER 5-6 PP

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Presentation on theme: "ANCIENT GREECE GARDNER CHAPTER 5-6 PP"— Presentation transcript:

1 ANCIENT GREECE GARDNER CHAPTER 5-6 PP. 134-140
Roman marble copy of Greek bronze statue of Diadoumenos by Polykleties GARDNER CHAPTER 5-6 PP

2 CLASSICAL PERIOD - PAINTING
Some of the greatest painters of the Classical period were the painters of monumental wooden panels displayed in public buildings -> these are all lost THE WHITE-GROUND TECHNIQUE = vase painting technique that takes its name from the chalky-white clay slip to provide the background for painted figures Method becomes popular in the mid 5th century

3 ACHILLES PAINTER Warrior taking leave of his wife, Athenian white-ground lekythos, 440 BCE, 1’5” high Painter applied slip of white clay to pot, outline the figures in black glaze, colored the figures -> additional polychrome colors applied after firing -> impermanence of expanded colors White-ground technique not used for everyday vessels -> mainly lekythoi -> placed in graves as offerings to the deceased The shield with a large painted eye

4 NIOBID PAINTER Artemis and Apollo slaying the children of Niobe, Athenian red- figure krater, 450 BCE, 1’ 9” high Niobe brags about having more children than Leto, the mother of Artemis and Apollo Leto sends her children to slay Niobe’s children -> lesson = Niobe’s HUBRIS (arrogance) is punished and no mortal is superior to a god or goddess

5 PHIALE PAINTER Hermes bringing the infant Dionysos to Papposilenos/grandpa-satyr Athenian white-ground krater, BCE, 1’2” high The Phiale painter used only colors that could survive the heat of a kiln -> reds, brown, purple, snowy white Diluted brown wash to color and shade the rocks

6 TOMB OF THE DIVER, PAESTUM
Early example of Greek mural painting Youth diving, painted on the ceiling of the Tomb of the Diver, 480 BCE, 3’4” high The four walls of the small coffin- like tomb are decorated w/banquet scenes The youth diving symbolizes the plunge from this life to the next

7 LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD THE ATHENIAN LEAGUE vs. THE SPARTAN CONFEDERACY
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR BCE -> Athens and Thebes completely defeat Athens No state successfully takes control of Greece Battle of Charonea in 338 BCE -> Greeks cities suffer devastating loss and are forced to give up their independence to PHILIP OF MACEDON 336 BCE Philip is assassinated his son ALEXANDER THE GREAT succeeds him Alexander conquers the Persian Empire, Egypt and even reaches India

8 LATE CLASSICAL - SCULPTURE
4th century was a period of political upheaval and chaos in Greece -> profoundly impacted the psyche and art of the Greeks 5th century Greeks believed that rational humans could impose order on their environment, create “perfect” statues like the Canon of Polykleitos, and discover the “correct” mathematical formulas for constructing temples like the Parthenon In 4th century there is a shift to focus on the individual and real world appearances not the ideal world of perfect statues and perfect buildings The Ludovisi Ares – 2nd century Roman marble copy of a late 4th century Greek bronze

9 PRAXITELES One of the master sculptors of the 4th century
Praxiteles does not reject the themes of the High Classical period -> still superhuman beauty -> but lose some of the solemn grandeur and take on worldly sensuousness APHRODITE OF KNIDOS, Roman marble copy of a Greek marble, BCE, 6’8” high Caused a sensation -> a women and goddess depicted nude -> removed her garment and draped over a hydria and is about to enter the bath Not openly erotic -> shields her pelvis with her hand ->but it is sensuous

10 PRAXITELES – HERMES AND THE INFANT DIONYSOS
Praxiteles? Found in the Temple of Hera at Olympia, 340 BCE or by a son or grandson, marble, 7’1” high Hermes has stopped to rest in the forest on his way to entrust the upbringing of Dionysos to grandpa satyr and the nymphs Hermes leans on tree trunk -> part of the composition, not a later addition Slender body forms a sinuous shallow S curve Dangle grapes to the infant -> tender and very human interaction Humanizing of the Olympic deities = beautiful but not remote

11 SKOPAS Distinctive individual styles emerge in the Late Classical period of 4th century Praxiteles = dreamy beautiful divinities Skopas = intense emotionalism/psychological tension Grave stele of young hunter/the Ilissos stele, BCE, marble, 5’6” high Male figure is the deceased hunter, small boy openly sobbing, sad dog, old man is father pondering irony of fate taking young healthy son and preserved a frail old man Hunter looks out at viewer inviting sympathy and forming an emotional bridge between spectator and artwork

12 LYSIPPOS 3rd of the great Late Classical sculptors
New canon of proportions -> more slender bodies and head 1/8 not 1/7 of body APOXYOMENOS (Scraper) = athlete scraping oil from his body after exercising Roman marble copy of bronze original 330 BCE, 6’9” high Nervous energy -> athlete is about to switch scraper to other hand and shift weigh and reverse positions of legs Breaks down the dominance of frontal view -> encourages the viewer to look at athlete from multiple angles Arm thrust forward breaks out of rectangular box of earlier statues

13 LYSIPPOS – WEARY HERAKLES
The Farnese Herakles, 320 BCE, almost twice life size 10’5” high Exaggerated muscular development of Herakles -> but, strong man is so weary he must lean on club Depicted after getting the apples of Hesperides -> compare with Early Classical metope -> no longer serene -> in this image he is exhausted and pained Late Classical sculpture = humanizing of gods and heroes

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