1. Freight Distribution Safety and Security: Research That Matters Rebecca M. Brewster President and COO

2. ATRI Industry’s NFP research organization Safety and Human Factors Safety and Human Factors Technology Technology Environmental Factors Environmental Factors Economic Analysis Economic Analysis Transportation Security Transportation Security www.atri-online.org

3. Board of Directors

4. Trucking Moves Ohio One out of every 14 jobs in the state One out of every 14 jobs in the state $13.6B in wages paid in 2005 $13.6B in wages paid in 2005 Move nearly 90% of manufactured freight in the state Move nearly 90% of manufactured freight in the state In 2005 paid $1.5B in federal and state taxes and fees In 2005 paid $1.5B in federal and state taxes and fees

5. Top Industry Issues Based on 2006 survey: 1. Driver Shortage 2. Fuel Issues 3. Driver Retention 4. Hours-of-Service 5. Congestion

6. Driver Shortage Based on 2005, industry will need over 219,000 long-haul drivers to replace those that retire or leave the industry over next 10 years Based on 2005, industry will need over 219,000 long-haul drivers to replace those that retire or leave the industry over next 10 years Economic growth projections create need for an additional 320,000 Economic growth projections create need for an additional 320,000 Combined, over 539,000 or 54,000 drivers per year Combined, over 539,000 or 54,000 drivers per year

7. The Cost of Congestion Idled trucks cost industry $7.8 billion/243 million hours in 2004 Idled trucks cost industry $7.8 billion/243 million hours in 2004 In 2005 industry spent $87.7B on diesel fuel In 2005 industry spent $87.7B on diesel fuel 2 nd highest operating expense 2 nd highest operating expense As much as 25% of total operating costs As much as 25% of total operating costs No “congestion credit” in HOS No “congestion credit” in HOS

8. Hours-of-Service Safety Impacts of New Hours-of-Service released March 2006 23 fleets contributed data Found safety improvements across metrics from 2003 to 2004 (old rules to January 2004 rules)

9. Predicting Truck Crash Involvement

10. Predicting Crashes Driver-related factors critical reason for crashes Focusing on driver behaviors will reduce crashes Develop predictive model Enforcement that matters

11. Convictions/Violations and Increased Likelihood of Crash If a Driver has: The Crash Likelihood Increases: A Reckless Driving violation 325% An Improper Turn violation 105% An Improper or Erratic Lane Change conviction 100% A Failure to Yield Right of Way conviction 97% An Improper Turn conviction 94% A Failure to Maintain Proper Lane conviction 91% A Past Crash 87% An Improper Lane Change violation 78% A Failure to Yield Right of Way violation 70% A Driving Too Fast for Conditions violation 62%

12. EOBR Analysis Identify primary barriers to industry utilization Cost Cost Functionalities Functionalities Motor carrier willingness and ability to pay Motor carrier willingness and ability to pay Role of non-technical factors Role of non-technical factors Document countermeasures

13. EOBR Findings Typically seen as compliance tool – NOT safety management system Lack of scientific relationship between EOBRs and safety Users report little impact on driver retention Cost is primary driver Other Concerns Lack of technical standards, uniform practices Lack of technical standards, uniform practices Data access for other purposes (non-HOS) Data access for other purposes (non-HOS)

15. FMCSA Canadian Issues Study Ensure access to operating requirements in both countries including safety regulatory variances Ensure access to operating requirements in both countries including safety regulatory variances Identify significant issues that impact FMCSA’s ability to work toward harmonization and reciprocal recognition of programs, policies, regulations and standards Identify significant issues that impact FMCSA’s ability to work toward harmonization and reciprocal recognition of programs, policies, regulations and standards Evaluate the effect of FMCSA regulatory proposals and policy initiatives on Canadian motor carriers and drivers operating in the U.S. Evaluate the effect of FMCSA regulatory proposals and policy initiatives on Canadian motor carriers and drivers operating in the U.S.

16. FMCSA Canadian Issues Study Safety Rating Reciprocity Safety Rating Reciprocity Hours-of-Service Hours-of-Service Trip Inspection Requirements Trip Inspection Requirements Medicals Medicals Cargo Securement Cargo Securement Electronic On-Board Recording Devices Electronic On-Board Recording Devices Speed Governors/Limiters Speed Governors/Limiters Variations between U.S. federal and state requirements Variations between U.S. federal and state requirements

17. Speed Impacts on Safety and Operations Research to investigate the impact of speed and speed differentials on carrier safety and operations Research to investigate the impact of speed and speed differentials on carrier safety and operations Speed governor use survey Speed governor use survey Impact of posted speed differentials and those occurring from governor use Impact of posted speed differentials and those occurring from governor use Modeling of “ideal” speeds for maximizing safety and operations Modeling of “ideal” speeds for maximizing safety and operations

18. Speed Governor Survey Initiated February 2007 Initiated February 2007 240 carrier responses 240 carrier responses 30.9% operate 10 or fewer trucks 30.9% operate 10 or fewer trucks 13% single truck operators 13% single truck operators 33.5% 11-100 trucks 33.5% 11-100 trucks 35.7% >100 trucks 35.7% >100 trucks Carrier truck totals = 178,000 trucks Carrier truck totals = 178,000 trucks

19. Speed Governor Prevalence 63% carriers utilize speed governors 63% carriers utilize speed governors 79% private 79% private 64% TL 64% TL 58% specialized 58% specialized 54% LTL 54% LTL 71% govern 100% of fleet 71% govern 100% of fleet

20. Fleet Size and Governor Use Larger fleets more likely to utilize speed governors Larger fleets more likely to utilize speed governors Used by 80% of carriers operating 100+ trucks Used by 80% of carriers operating 100+ trucks Just 37% of fleets operating 10 or fewer trucks report use of speed governors Just 37% of fleets operating 10 or fewer trucks report use of speed governors

21. Not Using Speed Governors Reasons cited for not using: Reasons cited for not using: 52% cite safety concerns ( e.g. car- truck speed differentials) 52% cite safety concerns ( e.g. car- truck speed differentials) 16.7% cite strain on company/driver relations 16.7% cite strain on company/driver relations 12.5% cite refusal of owner- operators to use governors 12.5% cite refusal of owner- operators to use governors

22. Speed Settings Mean Speed: 69 mph

23. Underlying Factors 57% use posted speed

24. Training Impacts on Safety Statistical comparison of driver safety outcomes with prescribed training elements Statistical comparison of driver safety outcomes with prescribed training elements Research outcomes expected to answer: Research outcomes expected to answer: Which training strategies and exercises are most effective at improving safety? Which training strategies and exercises are most effective at improving safety? What is the optimal means of administering these exercises? What is the optimal means of administering these exercises? What duration is necessary for an exercise to have its desired effect on safety? What duration is necessary for an exercise to have its desired effect on safety? What combination of exercises produces the highest overall safety outcomes? What combination of exercises produces the highest overall safety outcomes?

25. Training Impacts on Safety Technical Advisory Committee being formed to provide guidance to research design, review draft findings Technical Advisory Committee being formed to provide guidance to research design, review draft findings Members represent carriers, drivers, driver training institutions Members represent carriers, drivers, driver training institutions Methodology focusing on carrier level analysis Methodology focusing on carrier level analysis Carriers will be recruited to provide data on training program/curriculum utilized; driver safety data Carriers will be recruited to provide data on training program/curriculum utilized; driver safety data

26. Disease and Disaster Research focused on trucking’s role in keeping supply chain moving in face of events of regional/national significance Research focused on trucking’s role in keeping supply chain moving in face of events of regional/national significance Goal of integrating trucking into public sector emergency response plans Goal of integrating trucking into public sector emergency response plans Also looking to include trucking as “first responder” Also looking to include trucking as “first responder” Industry input needed – submit real-life stories via ATRI website Industry input needed – submit real-life stories via ATRI website www.atri-online.org www.atri-online.org www.atri-online.org

27. Employer Notification System Earlier study supported safety ROIs Earlier study supported safety ROIs 1,000 drivers in system 1,000 drivers in system 4,500+ drivers’ data analyzed 25 states 4,500+ drivers’ data analyzed 25 states Well accepted by industry Well accepted by industry FMCSA regulatory changes possible FMCSA regulatory changes possible

28. On-Board Safety Systems: Economic Analysis and Deployment Activities Quantify and document tangible industry benefits Quantify and document tangible industry benefits Design industry deployment & testing plans Design industry deployment & testing plans Naturalistic field test of systems, including potential for test of integrated after-market system Naturalistic field test of systems, including potential for test of integrated after-market system Develop & co-host national industry webinars Develop & co-host national industry webinars Lane Departure Warning Systems Lane Departure Warning Systems Roll Stability Control Roll Stability Control Collision Warning Systems Collision Warning Systems

29. What’s Up with ULSD? Assessing potential energy loss from transition to ULSD (effective October 2006) Assessing potential energy loss from transition to ULSD (effective October 2006) The Way We Were… The Way We Were… Sulfur levels averaged 276 ppm; ranged from a high of 415 ppm to a low of 48 ppm Sulfur levels averaged 276 ppm; ranged from a high of 415 ppm to a low of 48 ppm Lowest sulfur levels found in California (required 15 ppm effective 9/1/06) Lowest sulfur levels found in California (required 15 ppm effective 9/1/06) The per gallon energy content varied by as much as 2.3% The per gallon energy content varied by as much as 2.3% Samples pulled from same 15 locations in May – analysis underway; results to be released later this month Samples pulled from same 15 locations in May – analysis underway; results to be released later this month

30. ATRI Research Safety and Human Factors Road Speed Impacts on Safety and Operations Training Impacts on Safety ENS Pilot Test (FMCSA) Safety Impacts of New HOS Safety Culture Synthesis (TRB) Driver Health and Wellness Synthesis (TRB) Safety Certification Synthesis (TRB) Safety and Human Factors North American FMP (FMCSA/TC) TIM Performance Measures (FHWA) TIM Self-Assessment (FHWA) Driving Simulator Evaluation Truck Driver Injury and Health Survey (NIOSH) National Traffic Incident Management Coalition Business Model Development (AASHTO)

31. ATRI Research Economic Analysis On-Board Safety Technologies Economic Analysis and Deployment (FMCSA) Border Efficiency Assessment (CBP) Canadian Issues Study (FMCSA) Highway Funding Analysis Freight Capacity Model State Economic Data and Analysis Economic Analysis Annual Top Industry Issues Survey Calculating the Operational Costs of Trucking Savannah Roadway Survey (Georgia State Road and Tollway Authority)

32. ATRI Research Technology Freight Performance Measures (FHWA) CVISN Motor Carrier Business Case (FMCSA) Columbus Electronic Freight Manifest (FHWA) National Trucking Industry Data Clearinghouse Transportation Security Delivering Goods in the Face of Disease and Disaster

33. ATRI Research Environmental Factors Idle Reduction Technologies Demonstration Project (EPA) Idling Regulations Compendium Measuring the Impacts of ULSD Smartway Technology Survey (Baltimore Metropolitan Council) Alternative Fuels Feasibility

34. Recently Released Highway Funding Analysis Highway Funding Analysis Assessing the Impact of ACE Trucking e- Manifest on Trucking Operations Assessing the Impact of ACE Trucking e- Manifest on Trucking Operations Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes

35. Coming Soon… Operational Costs of Trucking Operational Costs of Trucking Freight Capacity Model Freight Capacity Model Training Impacts on Safety Training Impacts on Safety ULSD Energy Analysis ULSD Energy Analysis 2007 Top Industry Issues Survey 2007 Top Industry Issues Survey www.truckline.com/TopIndustryIssues

36. ATRI on XM Dave Nemo Show on XM Channel 171 Thursdays, 8:00 a.m. CT September 20 – Women in Trucking October 4 – Have You Locked Your Doors?

37. Questions? Rebecca Brewster 770-432-0628 rbrewster@trucking.org www.atri-online.org