1. Global Studies 9 Ancient egypt
Mrs. Hart and Mrs. Bernier

2. Geography Egypt is located in northeastern Africa.
The Nile River runs the length of the country flowing south to north.
The river begins in the mountains of Africa and empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
Most of Egypt is part of
the Sahara Desert.

3. The Sahara Desert
The desert created a climate that was extremely hot and dry. It also acted as a barrier that both protected the ancient Egyptians and isolated them for periods of time.

4. Roots of Egyptian Civilization
The ancient Egyptian civilization began more than 5000 years ago when people settled along the Nile River.
The Nile was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt because of its fertile soil for farming.
It made life possible in the otherwise hot, dry desert of Egypt.
It was the major source of water for bathing, drinking, cooking, and irrigation.

5. Religion
Then Ancient Egyptians were polytheistic, meaning they believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the world and the afterlife. Their chief gods were Amon-Re
and Osiris, god of the Nile.

6. Religion
Because the Egyptians believed in eternal life after death, they relied on the Book of the Dead to help them through the afterworld. It was a collection of spells, hymns, and prayers intended to secure a safe passage to the underworld for the deceased.

7. Religion The Egyptians believed that each soul had
to pass a test in order to win eternal life.
worthy souls would enter the Happy Field
of Food, where they would live forever in
happiness.

8. Religion: Mummification
Egyptians practiced mummification, the preservation of the body for use in the next life.

9. Religion: Mummification
During mummification, the brain of the dead person was extracted through the nose. The most important organs were removed and placed in special jars. Finally the body was filled with spices, then dried and wrapped in strips of linen. The entire process took about 60 days.

10. Ancient Egyptian Government
government was dominated by a single person, the pharaoh. He was seen not only as their leader, but also a god. He was assisted by his chief minister, also known as a vizier.

11. Ancient Egyptian Government
Under the vizier, various departments looked after such matters as tax collection, farming, and caring for the irrigation systems. Thousands of scribes carried out the vizier’s instructions.

12. Social Structure PHARAOH & RULING FAMILY2
Social Structure
PHARAOH & RULING FAMILY
Earthly leader; considered a god
HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES
Served gods and goddesses.
VIZIER: Assisted in running government.
NOBLES: Fought pharaoh’s wars.
CRAFTSMEN, MERCHANTS, SCRIBES
Made furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for
pharaohs and nobles, and provided for other needs.
PEASANT FARMERS AND SLAVES
Worked in the fields and served the pharaoh.

13. Ancient Egyptian Contributions: Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics was the picture writing used in ancient Egypt. The word hieroglyphics is made up of two Greek words - hieros, which means sacred, and glyphe, which means carving.
The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system consists of several hundred picture signs.

14. Contributions: Rosetta Stone

15. Contributions: Pyramids
The pyramids
were built as tombs for the
pharaohs.

16. The Great Sphinx

17. Contributions: Papyrus
Paper made from a reed
plant.