1. Arab Climate Resilience Initiative Third regional consultation meeting Climate Change Impacts in the Arab Region: Toward Sustainable Energy – Resources, Challenges, and Opportunities Adel Abdellatif Chief, Regional Programme Division Regional Bureau for Arab States Manama, 06-07 October 2010

2. 2 concern Climate Change: a concern and an opportunity concern  Climate Change is a concern in the Arab countries  Arab Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change (2007) called for policy action ranging from integration of policies to deal with climate change in all sectors, adoption of national and regional climate change action plans, and carrying out studies to better understand the threat and options to deal with it.  Declaration of Arab Summit, Libya, March 2010 “We emphasize the need to adopt effective policies in dealing with the issues of climate change and preservation of the environment in all national and regional fields of sustainable development, and to adopt a unified stance at the negotiations over climate change in order to secure the rights of our peoples to safeguard our national resources...We stress the importance of cooperation and coordination in all fields of development, especially in the fields of Arab road links, electricity links, use of sustainable energy, green-belt projects..…”

3. 3 opportunity  Climate Change is also an opportunity for Arab countries Energy efficiency to expand access; Alternative and renewable energy; Diversified economic growth; Job creation; Opportunity to improve policy coordination. opportunity Climate Change: a concern and an opportunity

4. 4

5. 5 The Arab Climate Resilience Initiative Objectives: Build knowledge and foster policy dialogue; Mobilize experts and policy leaders to build momentum; Support strategic interventions to promote climate resilient development in the Arab countries. Principles: Consultative and demand-driven; In line with priorities as defined by Arab countries ; Promote regional cooperation; Identify not only challenges, but also opportunities.

6. 6 The Regional Forum on CC in the Arab countries  Objectives: Discuss and endorse the regional initiative Mobilize high level partners  Dates: 3-5 November, 2010  Venue: Rabat, Morocco  Participants: Governments : Ministers, Parliaments, Decision makers Corporation Agencies and Donors Research and Academic institutions Private sector NGOs Youth Media

7. 7 Content of Presentation  Part I: Energy and Development  Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries – A Global Responsibility  Part III: Sustainable Energy: Challenges in the Region  Part IV: Global Renewable Energy  Part V: Key Questions

8. 8 PART I: ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT

9. 9 Part I: Energy and Development Energy has been at the heart of critical economic, environmental and development issues facing the world today–in developed and developing countries. Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators (Energy Use) UNDP, Human Development Report Office (HDI)

10. 10 Energy consumption and wealth…the world at night

11. 11 On as the world population increases, and prosperity increases, demand for energy will continue to grow. Source: UN DESA. World Population Prospects, 2010.

12. 12 PART II: ENERGY AND THE ARAB COUNTRIES: A GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY

13. 13 Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Global Responsibility Source: Calculated from BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2010.

14. 14 Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Global Responsibility Source: Calculated from BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2010.

15. 15 Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Substantial Source of Revenue Source: IMF Country Reports, 2010.

16. 16 Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: Contributing to Human Development Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators (Energy Production). UNDP, Human Development Report Office (HDI).

17. 17 Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: Volatility and Jobless Growth Source: UNDP AHDR, 2009.

18. 18 PART III: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY – CHALLENGES IN THE REGION

19. 19 Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region A: Population increase and economic growth = growing demand Source: UN DESA. World Population Prospects, 2009.

20. 20 A: Population increase and economic growth = growing demand Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region Source: Tapping a Hidden Resource, Energy Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank 2009.

21. 21 B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab Countries Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region Source: Tapping a Hidden Resource, Energy Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank 2009.

22. 22 B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab Countries Table: Arab Region is highly inefficient, Energy Intensity in the Arab Region versus the World Average, 2007 Country/Region GDP, PPP (billions of current international US $) Energy use (kt of oil equivalent) Energy intensity: Energy use per unit of GDP (kg of oil equivalent per PPP US $) Algeria263.06368630.140 Bahrain24.9887740.351 Comoros0.73..… Djibouti1.74..… Egypt404.87672460.166 Iraq94.45330860.350 Jordan29.3972010.245 Kuwait128.79252000.196 Lebanon44.6539930.089 Libya96.40178230.185 Mauritania6.03..… Morocco127.16143610.113 Oman61.19154790.253 Qatar65.25221870.340 Saudi Arabia548.301503260.274 Sudan80.67146750.182 Syria87.94196390.223 Tunisia77.1288370.115 United Arab Emirates245.37516360.210 Yemen52.2272120.138 Arab Region2440.305045380.207 World67672.05116648900.172 Source: UNDP-AHDR calculations based on data from World Bank, 2010 Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

23. 23 B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab Countries Source: UNDP-AHDR calculations based on World Bank, 2010. Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

24. 24 Source: Arab Knowledge Report, 2009. C: No strong tradition of investing in Research and Development Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

25. 25 D: Water Scarcity puts pressure on energy Plant number Capacity of desalination plants (million cubic meters/day) Production of desalination plants per day(million cubic meters/day) Saudi Arabia233.52.91 Kuwait61.441.31 Bahrain30.380.34 Qatar20.490.43 UAE82.612.23 Oman20.280.19 Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region Source: UNDP, Human Development Report Office.Source : Al Rukaibi, Duaij (2010). Water resources in the GCC. University of Texas at Austin.

26. 26 E: Rising temperatures put pressure on energy Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region Source: Dr. Jeff Masters, Weather Underground. July 30, 2010.

27. 27 PART IV: GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

28. 28 Source: BP statistical review of world energy, 2010. Part IV: Global Renewable Energy

29. 29 Source: BP statistical review of World Energy, 2010. Part IV: Global Renewable Energy

30. 30 PART V: KEY QUESTIONS

31. 31 Part V: Key Questions  What are the overall challenges and opportunities associated with the relationship between energy and climate change? (Opening)  What are the features of the global and regional context that enable and or present challenges to sustainable energy? (Panel 1)  What can we learn from the innovative renewable energy initiatives underway in the Arab countries, how can these be scaled-up, and what role can they play in regional cooperation? (Panel 2)  What economic and financial opportunities can be seized in the embrace of sustainable energy? (Panel 3)  What steps can be taken to promote a rapid advance of knowledge and technology transfer for sustainable energy in the Arab countries? (Panel 4)  What are the priorities for cooperative action, and how can we move forward together to enhance sustainable energy throughout the region? (Panel 5)

32. 32 THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION

33. 33 “The decisions we take today on how we produce, consume and distribute energy will profoundly influence our ability to eradicate poverty and respond effectively to climate change.” UN SG