1. Nouns What are nouns?

2. What is a noun? Person – Mom, Dad, Christy, Ed, girl, boy
Place – London, Louisville, home, school
Thing – bike, desk, car, homework
Idea – freedom, courage, inspiration

3. Common Nouns Every day nouns that are not capitalized dog cat desk
house
chair
car
book
history

4. Proper Nouns Names a specific person, place, or thing
Mrs. Smith
London
Asia
Africa
Pontiac Grand Prix
December
Thanksgiving
Civil War

5. Concrete or Abstract Nouns
Concrete – anything that appeals to the senses: person, place, thing
Abstract – cannot be sensed, it is hard to understand (like abstract art): idea

6. Collective Nouns
A collective noun is a singular noun that refers to many things.
Herd
Class
Senate
Congress
Choir
School
Team

7. SINGULAR NOUNS Singular nouns refer to ONE item.
Singular nouns need singular verbs (singular verbs end with “s”.)
Most singular nouns do not end in “S”.
Some singular nouns do end in “S”, like scissors.

8. Example Singular Nouns
The tree is tall.
Subject – singular tree
Verb – singular is
The fish swims in circles.
Subject – singular fish
Verb – singular swims

9. Plural Nouns Plural nouns refer to more than one item.
Plural nouns need plural verbs (plural verbs do not end with “S”.)
Most plural nouns end with “S.” Some plural nouns are irregular (women, men, children, mice)

10. Ways to Make Nouns Plural
If it is a normal noun, just add “S”.
If the noun ends in “S, X, Z, CH, or SH” add “ES”.
If it ends with a consonant then “Y”, change the “Y” to “I” and add “ES”.
desk = desks
bench = benches
country = countries

11. Ways to Make Nouns Plural
If the noun ends with a vowel plus “Y”, just add “S”.
If the noun ends with a vowel plus “O”, just add “S”.
If the noun ends with a consonant and “O”, add “ES”.
holiday – holidays
rodeo = rodeos
tomato = tomatoes

12. Ways to Make Nouns Plural
Some nouns are irregular. They do not follow a rule.
Some nouns are the same in the singular and plural.
Numbers and letters add apostrophe “S”.
woman = women
man = men
deer, moose,sheep
A’s, 5’s

13. Example Plural Nouns The trees are tall. Subject – plural trees
Verb – plural are
The fish swim in circles.
Subject – plural fish
Verb – plural swim
The children learn a lot at school.
Subject – plural children
Verb – plural learn

14. Possessive Nouns
Possessive nouns show ownership.

15. How to Make a Noun Possessive
If it is a singular noun, add apostrophe and “S”.
If it is a plural noun that does not end with “S”, add apostrophe and “S”.
If it is a plural noun ending with “S”, just add apostrophe.
Class = class’s
Children = children’s
Classes = classes’

16. Compound Nouns Two or more words combined to make one word.
They can be spelled as one word.
They can be spelled as two separate words.
They can be hyphenated words.
Paintbrush
Dog house
Mother-in-law

17. Plural Compound Nouns
To make a compound noun plural, add the appropriate ending to the word you want to make plural.
For example – you may have more than one brother-in-law so it will be brothers-in-law. The laws are not plural.

18. The Jobs of Nouns Subject Predicate Noun Direct Object Indirect Object
Object of Preposition

19. Subject
The main idea of the sentence.
The main idea of the sentence.

20. Example Subject
My favorite place to visit is London.
Subject = place

21. Predicate Noun Noun or pronoun Renames or defines the subject
After a linking verb

22. Example P.N.
My favorite place to visit is London.
P.N. = London

23. Direct Object Noun or pronoun Follows an action verb
Answers the questions What? or Whom?
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

24. Example D.O.
He played the piano nicely.
D.O. = piano

25. Indirect Object Noun or pronoun Follows an action verb
Comes before a direct object
Answers the questions To Whom?, To What?, For Whom?, or For What?
YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

26. Example I.O.
She gave him an ice cream cone.
D.O. = cone
I.O. = him

27. Object of Preposition Noun or pronoun Follows a preposition
Completes a prepositional phrase

28. Example O.P. She sat in the car for a long time. 1. Preposition = in
1. Prepositional phrase = in the car
1. O.P. = car
2. Preposition = for
2. Prepositional phrase = for a long time
2. O.P. = time

29. Review Jobs of Nouns Subject Predicate Noun Direct Object
Indirect Object
Object of Preposition

30. O.P. or Appositive
An object of the preposition follows a preposition. Ex. We wrote about our teacher. Teacher is the object of the preposition “about.”
An appositive is set off with commas and defines a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. Berger, our teacher, is awesome. Teacher is the appositive that define Ms. Berger.